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What were the three court cases that released the Japanese from internment camps?
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How did the concentration camps in America differ from the camps in Germany?
German concentration camps were mostly extermination or death camps designed to murder the inmates, primarily Jews. Some camps also sent out inmates to be used as slave labor. All the German camps were operated in total violation of international law and well outside all standard norms of behavior. The American camps were not "concentration" camps, but internment camps for Japanese, German & Italian nationals, as well as several thousand Japanese-Americans citizens and Japanese legal aliens from the west coast of the US. In accordance with international law, those foreign nationals from enemy countries (in the US when the war started) were interned in the camps only as long as the war lasted, and were freed at the end of the war. Unfortunately there are many myths and misconceptions about the relocation and internment of Japanese in the US. Japanese-American citizens and legal aliens were not relocated from Hawaii, the mid-west or the east coast of the United States. Only those living in the west coast areas were subject to this government action. Japanese-Americans were released from these camps based on various criteria, some well before the end of the war, others later near the end. Most of the Japanese-Americans that were interned the longest were from families that were unwilling to swear allegiance to the United States. Internment was based on the US government suspicion that many of the Japanese in America as legal aliens were loyal to Japan not the United States. In fact, a minority of those interned were vocally pro-Japanese and anti-American. Many Japanese-Americans volunteered to serve in the US military during the war. If they were currently interned, then they were permanently released to serve. The volunteer rates of those inside the camps was actually lower than from those Japanese-Americans outside the camps. In any event, it was not the policy of the US government to mistreat the internees. In fact the internees were generally well treated and cared for in almost all cases. The US court system had ruled in WW2 that it was legal for the government to take this action. Regardless, the Japanese-American citizens believed that the idea was wrong for them to have been sent to the camps in the first place. They petitioned the US government for compensation after the war. Eventually the US government apologized and paid some compensation to former internees, but the bitterness would remain for many.
What were internment camps before they were used on Japanese Americans?
Some conspiracy theorists claim the camps were built prior to Dec. 7. In a few cases, existing buildings, such as well-used smelly horse stables at racetracks, were used. Another example is former Civilian Conservation Corps camps out in the hills. In Hawaii, some camps were simple canvas tents with a fence around them. Most internment camps were located and built new specifically to house the internees, and after the war, fell into disuse. For example, ex-POW Gerald Coffee recalled that as a child in California, his family moved to Reno Nevada after the Pearl Harbor attack because his father left his lumberyard employment for a long term construction job near there. Years, later, he discovered the job was the construction of an internment camp!
What did the POWs have to do in the camps?
Japanese and most German prisoners remained confined to Allied camps. Many Italian prisoners were allowed out to work on farms in Britain and Australia and in many cases left the camps for the duration of the war. As for Allied prisoners in Axis hands, the Japanese and to a lesser extent the Germans required prisoners to work, in the case of the Japanese, often to death.
Why were Japanese Americans held in internment camps?
Following the attack on Pearl harbor in December, 1941, the US declared war on Japan. The US military, concerned about the possibility of spying or sabotage by those of Japanese ancestry, convinced the government to exclude them from militarily important zones on the US Pacific coast. Those of known or suspected Japanese heritage were removed from their homes and interned in desert camps for about 3 years. In many cases they were loyal US citizens descended from Japanese immigrants. However, it took many months for the US courts to consider their complaints, with the US Supreme Court only invalidating their detention in December, 1944.
What is the difference between Japanese internment camps and nazi concentration camps?
Japanese Internment Camps were in the United States. They housed the Japanese Americans in these camps to search for spies and keep them from turning into spies. These camps were deemed unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court. So they were held illegally. The camp conditions were miserable. They had inadequate housing, bathrooms, food, and many did get sick from the camps. There were not killed or beaten or shot as the people were in the German Concentration camps. Some of the Japanese sons joined the war to prove their allegiance to the United States. The Japanese lost their homes, businesses and possessions. Some Japanese farmers had nice neighbors who kept their farms grow and producing and kept their houses safe but this was the exception not the rule. Many Americans back then were prejudiced against the Japanese, Chinese and other Asians. Truly sad. The German Concentration camps were filled with Jewish people slated to be killed or used for free hard labor. They were also filled with the "undesirables" the Nazis wanted out of the population. They were communists, political prisoners, religious people, dwarfs, Downs Syndrome people, feeble minded, people with congenital defects, the mentally ill and anyone else they felt like putting into the camps. There were POW camps too. In the camps the conditions were not merely miserable they were deplorable. They were filthy, disease ridden, and the buildings had no heat or beds. The prisoners were put into pajamas. They did not all have coats or shoes. The camps were designed to kill and cremate the people. Some camps had gas chambers to kill thousands of Jews daily. The people died from disease, exposure, dehydration, starvation, dysentery and murder by the Nazis. One of the most horrible things that happened to the prisoners was the medical experiments conducted on them. I couldn't write what happened to them. This entire project of eliminating people Hitler did not approve of was called The Final Solution. His goal was to have the population be only of pure Aryan descent. Incidentally, there is no medical word/fact or sociological human grouping of "Aryans". It was a word Hilter borrowed from some books he read.
What exactly are internment camps?
1. In Britain most adult male enemy aliens were interned (in internment camps), in many cases for a few months only. British Fascists were also interned or held in prisons. 2. The US had similar policies, but in the case of the Japanese even people born in America by Japanese parents and naturalized Japanese were interned as well as actual Japanese citizens.
How did the concentration camps in America differ from the camps in Germany?
German concentration camps were mostly extermination or death camps designed to murder the inmates, primarily Jews. Some camps also sent out inmates to be used as slave labor. All the German camps were operated in total violation of international law and well outside all standard norms of behavior. The American camps were not "concentration" camps, but internment camps for Japanese, German & Italian nationals, as well as several thousand Japanese-Americans citizens and Japanese legal aliens from the west coast of the US. In accordance with international law, those foreign nationals from enemy countries (in the US when the war started) were interned in the camps only as long as the war lasted, and were freed at the end of the war. Unfortunately there are many myths and misconceptions about the relocation and internment of Japanese in the US. Japanese-American citizens and legal aliens were not relocated from Hawaii, the mid-west or the east coast of the United States. Only those living in the west coast areas were subject to this government action. Japanese-Americans were released from these camps based on various criteria, some well before the end of the war, others later near the end. Most of the Japanese-Americans that were interned the longest were from families that were unwilling to swear allegiance to the United States. Internment was based on the US government suspicion that many of the Japanese in America as legal aliens were loyal to Japan not the United States. In fact, a minority of those interned were vocally pro-Japanese and anti-American. Many Japanese-Americans volunteered to serve in the US military during the war. If they were currently interned, then they were permanently released to serve. The volunteer rates of those inside the camps was actually lower than from those Japanese-Americans outside the camps. In any event, it was not the policy of the US government to mistreat the internees. In fact the internees were generally well treated and cared for in almost all cases. The US court system had ruled in WW2 that it was legal for the government to take this action. Regardless, the Japanese-American citizens believed that the idea was wrong for them to have been sent to the camps in the first place. They petitioned the US government for compensation after the war. Eventually the US government apologized and paid some compensation to former internees, but the bitterness would remain for many.
What were internment camps before they were used on Japanese Americans?
Some conspiracy theorists claim the camps were built prior to Dec. 7. In a few cases, existing buildings, such as well-used smelly horse stables at racetracks, were used. Another example is former Civilian Conservation Corps camps out in the hills. In Hawaii, some camps were simple canvas tents with a fence around them. Most internment camps were located and built new specifically to house the internees, and after the war, fell into disuse. For example, ex-POW Gerald Coffee recalled that as a child in California, his family moved to Reno Nevada after the Pearl Harbor attack because his father left his lumberyard employment for a long term construction job near there. Years, later, he discovered the job was the construction of an internment camp!
Where did the Japanese American internment Happen?
The forced relocation of Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans in the United States to camps during world war ii" class='external' title="world war ii. On February 19, 1942, the U.S. Army, acting under an order signed by President Franklin d roosevelt" class='external' title="Franklin d roosevelt (and ratified by Congress a month later), ordered nearly 120, 000 Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans into internment camps located in the central regions of the United States. Lawsuits were subsequently filed by Japanese Americans who claimed that their civil rights as U.S. citizens had been violated. However, the U.S. Supreme Court steadfastly upheld the legality of the evacuations. In 1983, a team of attorneys reopened cases resulting from the internment policy because of findings that the government's lawyers had suppressed evidence and made false statements in their original presentation to the Supreme Court. Lower courts overturned two wartime convictions. In 1988, Congress provided for partial restitution payments of $20, 000 to each of the 60, 000 survivors of the internment camps. The forced relocation of Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans in the United States to camps during world war ii" class='external' title="world war ii. On February 19, 1942, the U.S. Army, acting under an order signed by President Franklin d roosevelt" class='external' title="Franklin d roosevelt (and ratified by Congress a month later), ordered nearly 120, 000 Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans into internment camps located in the central regions of the United States. Lawsuits were subsequently filed by Japanese Americans who claimed that their civil rights as U.S. citizens had been violated. However, the U.S. Supreme Court steadfastly upheld the legality of the evacuations. In 1983, a team of attorneys reopened cases resulting from the internment policy because of findings that the government's lawyers had suppressed evidence and made false statements in their original presentation to the Supreme Court. Lower courts overturned two wartime convictions. In 1988, Congress provided for partial restitution payments of $20, 000 to each of the 60, 000 survivors of the internment camps. Well this all would not have happened if Japanese peps did not cum and hurt Americans
Where did the japanese internment happen?
The forced relocation of Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans in the United States to camps during World War II" class='external' title="world war ii. On February 19, 1942, the U.S. Army, acting under an order signed by President Franklin d roosevelt" class='external' title="Franklin d roosevelt (and ratified by Congress a month later), ordered nearly 120, 000 Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans into internment camps located in the central regions of the United States. Lawsuits were subsequently filed by Japanese Americans who claimed that their civil rights as U.S. citizens had been violated. However, the U.S. Supreme Court steadfastly upheld the legality of the evacuations. In 1983, a team of attorneys reopened cases resulting from the internment policy because of findings that the government's lawyers had suppressed evidence and made false statements in their original presentation to the Supreme Court. Lower courts overturned two wartime convictions. In 1988, Congress provided for partial restitution payments of $20, 000 to each of the 60, 000 survivors of the internment camps. The forced relocation of Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans in the United States to camps during world war ii" class='external' title="world war ii. On February 19, 1942, the U.S. Army, acting under an order signed by President Franklin d roosevelt" class='external' title="Franklin d roosevelt (and ratified by Congress a month later), ordered nearly 120, 000 Japanese nationals and Japanese Americans into internment camps located in the central regions of the United States. Lawsuits were subsequently filed by Japanese Americans who claimed that their civil rights as U.S. citizens had been violated. However, the U.S. Supreme Court steadfastly upheld the legality of the evacuations. In 1983, a team of attorneys reopened cases resulting from the internment policy because of findings that the government's lawyers had suppressed evidence and made false statements in their original presentation to the Supreme Court. Lower courts overturned two wartime convictions. In 1988, Congress provided for partial restitution payments of $20, 000 to each of the 60, 000 survivors of the internment camps. Well this all would not have happened if Japanese peps did not cum and hurt Americans
What did the POWs have to do in the camps?
Japanese and most German prisoners remained confined to Allied camps. Many Italian prisoners were allowed out to work on farms in Britain and Australia and in many cases left the camps for the duration of the war. As for Allied prisoners in Axis hands, the Japanese and to a lesser extent the Germans required prisoners to work, in the case of the Japanese, often to death.
Who held the Japanese Americans in camps in 1942?
Both the US and Canadian governments excluded those of Japanese ancestry from the areas of the Pacific coast. In many cases they were interned in isolated camps for up to three years during World War II. While not concentration camps, they were definitely not comfortable for the internees, most of whom were American citizens although the children of Japanese immigrants.
Why were Japanese Americans held in internment camps?
Following the attack on Pearl harbor in December, 1941, the US declared war on Japan. The US military, concerned about the possibility of spying or sabotage by those of Japanese ancestry, convinced the government to exclude them from militarily important zones on the US Pacific coast. Those of known or suspected Japanese heritage were removed from their homes and interned in desert camps for about 3 years. In many cases they were loyal US citizens descended from Japanese immigrants. However, it took many months for the US courts to consider their complaints, with the US Supreme Court only invalidating their detention in December, 1944.
What is the difference between Japanese internment camps and nazi concentration camps?
Japanese Internment Camps were in the United States. They housed the Japanese Americans in these camps to search for spies and keep them from turning into spies. These camps were deemed unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court. So they were held illegally. The camp conditions were miserable. They had inadequate housing, bathrooms, food, and many did get sick from the camps. There were not killed or beaten or shot as the people were in the German Concentration camps. Some of the Japanese sons joined the war to prove their allegiance to the United States. The Japanese lost their homes, businesses and possessions. Some Japanese farmers had nice neighbors who kept their farms grow and producing and kept their houses safe but this was the exception not the rule. Many Americans back then were prejudiced against the Japanese, Chinese and other Asians. Truly sad. The German Concentration camps were filled with Jewish people slated to be killed or used for free hard labor. They were also filled with the "undesirables" the Nazis wanted out of the population. They were communists, political prisoners, religious people, dwarfs, Downs Syndrome people, feeble minded, people with congenital defects, the mentally ill and anyone else they felt like putting into the camps. There were POW camps too. In the camps the conditions were not merely miserable they were deplorable. They were filthy, disease ridden, and the buildings had no heat or beds. The prisoners were put into pajamas. They did not all have coats or shoes. The camps were designed to kill and cremate the people. Some camps had gas chambers to kill thousands of Jews daily. The people died from disease, exposure, dehydration, starvation, dysentery and murder by the Nazis. One of the most horrible things that happened to the prisoners was the medical experiments conducted on them. I couldn't write what happened to them. This entire project of eliminating people Hitler did not approve of was called The Final Solution. His goal was to have the population be only of pure Aryan descent. Incidentally, there is no medical word/fact or sociological human grouping of "Aryans". It was a word Hilter borrowed from some books he read.
What ethnic group faced the most difficult test of loyalty to the US during world war 2?
Probably Japanese-Americans. Although they were in almost all cases totally loyal to the United States, public sentiment was against them. The U.S. government even rounded them up and put them in internment camps during the war, even though there was no evidence they had been disloyal. Yet despite being kept in camps (where conditions were not the best) and regarded with suspicion by average Americans, many Japanese-Americans volunteered to fight for the United States during the war and performed admirably.
What happened to Japanese belongings after they were sent to Internment camps?
In Canada, most of their belongings and land/homes, fishing boats, stores etc were simply auctioned off by the government. The Canadian government issued an order that anything that could not be taken with the Internees to the camps, was to be "taken into custody". This meant it became the property of the Canadian government. Although the property was supposed to be kept safe, this did not happen. Almost everything was sold off - much for a fraction of what it was actually worth. In America, I think that most of the furniture and valuable possessions were raided out of the house by the army. When the Japanese went to the internment camps they got to take some clothing, and left the rest at home. In some cases, neighbors and friends took care of homes and businesses during the war and returned them intact upon their return. In others, they simply lost everything. It was many decades before any sort of reparations where paid to those losing so much.
What happened to the people who had been interned after they were released from the internment camps?
Red Cross agencies and Displaced Persons bureaus from several of the victorious nations helped them to get strong and get back to their homes. In most cases it was fairly straightforward, but there were some persons who did not get back to their own homes until sometime in 1947. The biggest problem most of the returned prisoners of the Nazi's had was that they lost everything they owned except what was on their backs.
