Black Locust is the best one that I can find.
I'm not sure if it is the absolute best one though, your question can only be answered best after Wiki does something to stop morons who aren't even members from posting wrong not to mention offensive answers.
Treated Timber Resists Rot was created in 2008.
Decomposers cause wood to rot.
Cedar
Wood can be treated with various preservatives to prevent rot and infestation.
Yes. The weight of the water, and or other objects can cause the wood to rot and eventually fall apart. In general, most wood will just absorb the water and then dry out naturally without falling apart.
The main cause of wood dry rotting is a brown rot fungi called Serpula lacrymans. These spores get onto wood and slowly eat away at the wood, causing it to slowly rot out.
Yes, it can.
There is no specific time line. It is dependant on the wood and how much oil/resin it has in it, if the wood is a hard of soft wood, what the environmental condition the wood is in. But to give a very basic idea soft wood will start to rot in the outside normal environment where you have rain, cold dry spells across a year in about 6 months hard wood will go substantially longer
When wood is exposed to moisture, it will decay and deteriorate unless it is pressure treated or treated some other way. However, there are some wood that resist moisture naturally, like redwood.
Wood worm, wood rot and splinters.
Burn, Rot,
Dry Rot