Mass airflow sensor and or aircharge sensor is bad
this is caused by the catalytic converters are clogged .
Catalytic converters do not rattle. If it does it will need to be replaced as it may block the exhaust. Loose heat shield?
Yes, it could restrict the exhaust and cause problems
No. Oxygenation just helps get more complete combustion, both in the cylinder and the catalytic converter.
Converters get hot when they operate and this is normal. However a partially clogged converter will get excessively hot and my even turn red. This will cause a loss of power, stalling, and surging.
Probably not. They would have to be clogged solid not to let engine idle in which case the engine would not run at any speed. If they were semi-clogged the engine would idle but hold engine back from revving up.
Yes
Excess fuel can super-heat the converter causing the converter to meltdown. The excess fuel can be the result of many possible engine malfunctions. The converter meltdown would result in blocked exhaust flow resulting in power loss. At this point the converters are junk. Do not just replace the converters without correcting the cause.
A failed catalytic converter is one of hundreds of parts that can cause the check engine light to be on.
Catalytic converters run a couple hundred degrees hotter than anything else that has to do with the engine, or exhaust system. It is just the nature of their design that cause them to have a high temperature. Thats weird - catalytics usually warm up when they are active, meaning that they are working on cleaning the junk from the engine. So either you have a misadjusted - polluting engine - or the mufler is blocking some of the output and they are incresing the heat. Catalytic converters do tend to run hot by the way. On many cars there is also a feedback mechanism - via oxigen detectors which may be not working so the feedback to the engine is faulty and it is giving erroneous input to the engine management system.
A bad catalytic converter can cause hard starts if it has become clogged. This produces excessive back pressure in the engine.
That depends on the engine and the fuel you've used. If the engine starts burning oil a catalytic converter can fail rapidly. Some fuel additives can also cause a catalytic converter to fail prematurely.