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Batteries have internal resistances built in them, a guideline that is carefully studied in battery manufacturing. Higher voltage over resistance implies higher power and hence heat build-up, huge build-up will weaken the battery structure by volume expansion. The aggressive charging/discharging will cause the metal ions to deform the cathode/anode in the battery respectively. The motion of ions in the battery, cathode to anode or visa versa, is intrinsic to the charging and discharging operation. If the cathode or anode is deformed, the surface area formed by the deposited de-ionised particle will yield less than intended due to abnormalities in the formation. Charging and discharging again at normal operation modes will not undo the damage done to the structure of anode or cathode.

Do not charge any battery type at more 10-15% voltage than you can draw from.

Charging at such high voltage compared to Battery voltage would cause battery explosion. The duration of improper charging before battery explosion is dependent on how much pressure is built up in the battery from heat generated by internal resistance and quality of casing that is housing the battery nodes and chemicals. Eventually, metallic gas will seep out of the battery causing acidic skin burns and metallic gas poisoning. Injury from flying battery fragments is possible at such insane charging modes.

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Q: What would happen if you charge a 1.5 volt battery on a varying DC input in the range of 12-40 volts?
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