What year did the Muslim win in the war with christins before christin took it back?

Answer 1

There is no simple answer to this question.

Islam has fought many wars of conquest many of which were inter-related and should be treated as a series of wars.

The Muslims first conquered Israel (Palestine as it was commonly known since the Roman conquest of Israel in 70AD) in the 7th century. Christian Syria, Lebanon and Egypt were also conquered by Muslim armies. The holy war to defend Christendom, and to recapture the lost lands starting with Jerusalem began in the 11th Century. These Crusades failed in their goals.

In 710AD the Islamic conquest of the Christian areas of what are today southwestern France and most of the Iberian Peninsula began. The Christian reconquest (Reconquista) began immediately after. Charlemagne succeeded in reconquering the western Pyrenees and parts of southern France in the mid 700s.

At the same time the states of Genoa, Pisa, and Catalonia were all actively fighting the Moslems who had conquered Majorca and Sardinia.

The wars were not always a question of religion. Christian and Muslim rulers commonly fought amongst themselves. The Muslims continued to try to reconquer territories they had lost. They failed in these endeavours, and the Reconquista was completed in 1238, but for Granada.

All Muslim authority was finally ended in the Iberian peninsula in 1492. Baobdil (Muhammad XII) surrendered the kingdom of Granada to Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.

There were other wars between Muslims and Christians elsewhere as well, particularly with the Ottoman Empire which conquered present-day Turkey - which had been a Christian country and the centre of the Eastern Roman Empire for hundreds of years. At various times, the Ottoman Empire included Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece and its islands (many still today part of Turkey), Hungary, Montenegro, Macedonia, Moldavia, Transylvania, Serbia, Slavonia and the Ukraine.