In a long long history of poleis named Sparta,among others,Thebes did defeat Sparta.But the event was quite late in Spartan history when not much of the famous system was existing anymore,not hard armored hoplites,superior trained troops..In that time (early 4th BC) there were only few hundred of Spartan citizen soldiers existing in the city.
Battle of Leuctra 371 BCE.
Thebes was , at different times , allied with Sparta when it was mutually beneficial to both . For example there was a Theban contingent , The Sacred Band , with Sparta at the Battle of Thermopylae . (Thebes effectively ended Spartan influence and prestige by defeating the Spartans at the Battle of Leuctra .)
Thebes, at the battle of Leuctra.
Alliances in Greece changed. For example several times Sparta and Athens fought on the same side, at others on opposing sides. Similarly at times Sparta and Thebes fought together, at other times were opponents. Generally Sparta was allied to other Doric city-states, though again this was not a hard and fast rule. And although Persia was usually an opponent of the Greek city-states, it was Persian financial support which enabled Sparta and its allies to get a competent fleet in the Peloponnesian War and defeat Athens.
Sparta, Athens then Thebes.
Olympia, Sparta,Athens,Marathon,Mycenae,Thebes,Piraeus,or Salamis
Thebes was , at different times , allied with Sparta when it was mutually beneficial to both . For example there was a Theban contingent , The Sacred Band , with Sparta at the Battle of Thermopylae . (Thebes effectively ended Spartan influence and prestige by defeating the Spartans at the Battle of Leuctra .)
The Thebes in 371 B.C.
100
It varied over time - Argos, Sparta, Athens, Sparta, Thebes.
It changed over time - Sparta, Athens, Thebes.
Battle of Leuctra 371 BCE by Thebes.
Athens, then Thebes.
Thebes was a city-State, not a person, as well as Mycenae, Pylos, Athens, Sparta (etc.)
i can answer correctly only about Sparta. the town is heard for the first time from ancient Achaioi and its king Menelaos and his queen Helen of Troy, which is considered as the reason of the Troyan War. That era ended when Dorians came from the north and the new era starts. It is known as the Sparta of King Leonidas, as a very strict city where the Spartan's proffession is simply war ( ex. wars with the Persians), that era ends when Sparta is occupied by Alexander the great. in between there was the Peloponnesean war between Sparta and Athens and their allies and the defeat of Athens. Practically both of them lost. That is the reason why it was occupied by Alexander the great sice they were coming from a 30-year-old war. Long after Macedonians came the Romans and I think that is very very shortly the history of Sparta. Thebes is a city with common background as Sparti. it is close to Athens and it was one of their rivals In about 379/8 bc Thebes broke free of Spartan oppression and undertook a war with Sparta in that ultimately led to Sparta's fall, after which Sparta allied with Athens and waged war with Thebes and brought Thebes back down.
The temporary ascendancy of Sparta, then Thebes, then Macedonia.
First Sparta, then Thebes, then Macedonia.
First Sparta, then Thebes and finally Macedonia.