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The only exception to the rule of the Roman Republic that there could only one dictator was in 216 BC after the battle of Cannae during the Second Punic War. Marcus Fabius Buteo was appointed dictator with the very specific and narrow mandate of filling up the vacancies in the senate which had been created by the death of many senators in that battle. He was appointed because he was the oldest surviving former censor (an officer of state who kept the roll of senators and enrolled new senators). He resigned as soon as he finished revising the roll and enlisting the new senators. The other dictator, Marcus Junius Pera, who was appointed with the mandate to fight Hannibal's army, served the full six months of this office.

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Q: When in the history of ancient Rome were two dictators appointed to rule together?
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