When rock above a cave collapses, a sinkhole is formed.
It is called weathering.
It is called weathering.
It is called weathering.
It is called weathering.
A shakehole (or sinkhole) - it can form an entrance to the cave, or block it entirely. Also swallow hole. It's important to realise that the existence of a shakehole does not necessarily mean an enterable cave lies below: the dissolved carbonate rock below may have been carried away in a multitude of fine conduits as in chalk, rather than a discreet passage.
Calcite, usually, from the limestone above the cave. (Or gypsum, if the cave is in that rock)
Metamorphic rock.
Sinkholes often occur when underground rivers erode the rock beneath the Earth's surface. Eventually, the land above is no longer sufficiently supported and collapses into the cave that has developed beneath it. They are more common in places with limestone, as it is easily eroded.
Calcite - calcium-carbonate dissolved from the limestone above the cave then precipitated in the cave.
A cave is is a natural cavity in rock that forms as a result of the dissolution of minerals. A cavern can also be a large cave that may contain several smaller chambers.
A Boulder, or Talus Cave rather stretches the definition of "cave", but it's simply a void or set of voids left between fallen boulders and their source rock-face. A cave's chamber that is heavily obstructed or even terminated by collapsed rock is often called a "boulder chamber", but it's not correct to say that collapses form caves. They don't - they modify them.