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Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders have been living in the Australian continent for thousands of years. In the 1500s, Europeans knew of the existence of New Guinea and the island of Timor, but the first believed to have found the Australian continent was Portuguese explorer Christovao de Mendonca. Mendonca never returned to Portugal, but wreckage believed to have been from his ships was found along the Australian coastline. Other sources suggest the first to sight Australia was actually Gomes de Sequeira, also of Portugal, in 1525. His descriptions of the islands he noted when he was blown off course are believed to be islands off the Northern Territory. There is, however, no real proof of this. Several more Portuguese explorers followed, including Louis de Torres, after whom Torres strait is named. The first to chart any part of the Australian continent was explorer Willem Jansz, in 1616. Willem Jansz/Janszoon was a Dutchman who was seeking new trade routes and trade associates. He became the first recorded European to step foot on Australia's shores on the western shore of Cape York Peninsula, on 26 February 1606. However, he believed the Cape to be part of New Guinea, from whence he crossed the Arafura Sea.

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The first known white man to sight the west coast of Australia was Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog.

In 1616, Hartog accidentally landed on the coast after he sailed too far whilst trying out Henderik Brouwer's recently discovered route from the Cape of Good Hope to Batavia, via the Roaring Forties. He landed at Cape Inscription in Shark Bay on 25 October 1616. His is the first known record of a European visiting Western Australia's shores, but he was not the first European to step foot on Australian soil.

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Q: When was Australia first sighted?
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