When was Kurdistan divided and who did it?

Answer 1

Answer 1

There was never a state called Kurdistan, so therefore it has never really been divided. A more correct way to put it, is that it has never been united. During the fall of the Ottoman Empire it seemed like there was going to be a Kurdistan for the first time in history, but it turned out otherwise. In the Treaty of Lausanne the borders of the remainders of the Ottoman Empire are clarified, and in that treaty in 1923 it was decided that there would be no Kurdistan. The treaty was signed by Turkey, Great-Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania, and the Serb-Croat-Slovene State.

Answer 2

There has been no modern nation of Kurdistan for any extended period of time, but the region of Kurdistan was well-known in an unofficial capacity for centuries. The Ardalan Kurdish State existed from 959-1117 C.E. in parts of what is currently called Iranian Kurdistan and Iraqi Kurdistan. As a result, there is a historic Kurdish State. However, it was overrun by the Seljuks. Regardless, by the late 1400s, the region of Kurdistan had several quasi-autonomous Kurdish statelets that remained vassals of larger more powerful neighbors.

However, the first major division of the region of Kurdistan occurred in the early 1500s when the Safavids of Iran and Ottomans of Turkey created a border that separated Iranian Kurdistan permanently from Turkish/Iraqi/Syrian Kurdistan. With the Fall of the Ottoman Empire, the Ottoman government capitulated to Allies at the end of World War I and signed the Treaty of Sèvres in 1919, which, among other things, granted the right for an independent Kurdistan. However, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk overthrew the Ottoman government and established the modern Republic of Turkey. He successfully opposed the Greek forces on the Anatolian mainland and prevented the realization of a new Kurdish state in the east. Thus in 1923, the Treaty of Sèvres was abrogated by the Treaty of Lausanne and Kurdistan was further divided by the creation of the French Mandate of Syria and the British Mandate of Iraq. This is how Kurdistan as a region was divided.

Answer 2

Kurdistan was divided between multiple countries (Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria) during the early 20th century after World War I. The division was primarily carried out by the Sykes–Picot Agreement in 1916 and the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920.