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God is their final authority; however I think you are asking in terms of the Pope for the Catholic religion. The Protestant faith does not have an earthly authority figure such as the Pope; there are leaders within the church but not a single authority figure as is found in the Catholic faith.
As the successor of Saint Peter, supreme authority is vested in the Pope. He has universal jurisdiction and all Catholic bishops may only use their authority when they are in communion with the Pope.
It undermined the power and authority of the pope.
It undermined the power and authority of the pope.
The term "catholic" is claimed by both the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Roman Catholic Church includes all the Churches that accept the authority of the pope in Rome, including certain Eastern Churches. The Eastern Orthodox Church does not accept the authority of the pope in Rome. The pope is the spiritual leader of all Christians. However, the Protestants and Orthodox do not recognize that leadership.
The Pope is the supreme authority (under God) in the Roman Catholic Church.
In the Catholic Church the highest authority is God, specifically Jesus Christ, on earth His Vicar (representative) is the Holy Father, currently Pope Benedict XVI.
Council of Trent
The pope is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church.
The pope is a religious leader and considered man's representative on earth of God. He runs the offices of the Vatican which is a city state within the city of Rome. His authority is from God to the people of the Catholic Church.
While similar to the Catholic religion, they are not Catholic as they do not accept the authority of the pope and also allow for married clergy.
All Catholic churches , Roman and Eastern Rite recognize the Primacy ( primary authority) of the Pope as a pastor-in-chief, to say the least. Russian and Greek Orthodoxy however does not acknowledge the Papacy.