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The partition of India was not a treaty, it was part of the law passed by the British Parliament in London granting Indian independence in 1947. The British Empire ruled most of the Indian subcontinent before then. There were strong but conflicting independence movements in India, the Hindu effort led by Gandhi and the Muslim movement led by Jinnah. Britain hoped to minimize violent conflict between them after independence; its solution was to divide India into two countries, Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India, depending on which religion was predominant in the area, and on referenda in areas where the local preference was not clear. Both the Hindus and the Muslims grudgingly agreed to this. Perhaps no solution could have avoided violence entirely, but partition under the British plan resulted immediately in war between India and Pakistan. The resulting deaths are estimated at between several hundred thousand and one million, and between 10 to 12 million people were displace, crossing the boundary between India and Pakistan in 1947. There is still some hostility between the two countries present 65 years later.

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The Indian Partition was signed on August 14-15, 1947 in New Delhi, India. The agreement was between Indian National Congress, All India Muslim League, and the British government.

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