Iran
THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN is the only country in the world, and specifically in the Middle East, that is currently (or has ever been) ruled by an Ayatollah. (Previous Shiite Theocracies, like the Safavid Empire, were still ruled by monarchs and the Ayatollahs had an advisory role, but no direct power.)
The answer is: Taiwan
Japan
There were several island countries that were once ruled by Beijing. They were Taiwan, the Matsu Islands, the Penghu Islands, Kinmen, Green Island, and Orchid Island.
It is a Middle-Eastern country. It borders Lebanon, Jordan, & Palestine. It is an Arab country, who's religious rates are 76% Muslim, 20% Christian, & 4% other. Syria is ruled by President Bashar al-Asad.
Mustafa Kemal ruled over TURKEY, so they were not emulating his reforms as much as following his dictates. The Middle Eastern country that followed the most similar path to modernization to Mustafa Kemal's Turkey was the Imperial State of Iran.
Tatasicodissa, better known as Zeno, ruled the eastern half of the empire.Tatasicodissa, better known as Zeno, ruled the eastern half of the empire.Tatasicodissa, better known as Zeno, ruled the eastern half of the empire.Tatasicodissa, better known as Zeno, ruled the eastern half of the empire.Tatasicodissa, better known as Zeno, ruled the eastern half of the empire.Tatasicodissa, better known as Zeno, ruled the eastern half of the empire.Tatasicodissa, better known as Zeno, ruled the eastern half of the empire.Tatasicodissa, better known as Zeno, ruled the eastern half of the empire.Tatasicodissa, better known as Zeno, ruled the eastern half of the empire.
The Finnish have not ruled over the Eastern Mediterranean.
There is no independent country in the Middle of Greece. However, Mount Athos is ruled directly by the Orthodox Church and is considered an Autonomous Territory, but still part of Greece.
Absolutely not. Ethiopian's have their own culture and identify themselves as Black Africans. But in the past Ethiopians ruled much of the middle east. The Ethiopians empire included western part of what is today Saudi Arabia, all of Yemen, southern Egypt, eastern Sudan and more.
The Ottoman Turks established themselves as the premier Middle Eastern Muslim power.