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This is a complex question since "Britain" includes England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales. The only empire to control all of these countries was the British Empire. Other Empires controlled only parts of Britain.

The Roman Empire controlled most of Britain between AD43 and AD410, but never managed to capture the whole of Scotland, drawing the border between The River Tyne and the Solway Firth (Hadrian's Wall); the Romans also never conquered Ireland.

The next Empire to control part of Britain was the Viking confederation which invaded England in AD865. King Canute ruled over a United English Kingdom from 1016 to 1035, but after his death this Viking Empire fell apart and in 1042 the country was under the control of the Anglo-Saxon King Edward the Confessor. When he died, England suffered its next invasion by a foreign empire.

The Normans under William the Conquerer invaded Britain in 1066. They succeeded in occupying Ireland and Wales, but again never managed to controll the whole of Scotland. However they gradually became British and the final incorporation of Scotland into the British Empire occurred peacefully on 24th March 1603 when James the Fourth of Scotland ascended the English Throne as King James the First of England.

This control over the whole of Britain lasted until 1922 when the Irish Free State left the Union.

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