Counterflow heat exchangers typically transfer more heat to a fluid simply because the hottest part of the exchanger is where the heating medium enters the heater and the heated medium leaves the heater. In a parrallel flow exchanger the hottest part of the heater is where the heating medium enters, and the coolest part where the heated medium enters, and some temperature in between is found where both exit the heater.
there are different advantages for counter flow over parallel flow HX.
the outlet temperature of the cold fluid can reach the highest temp of hot fluid( hot inlet)
more uniform temp difference so more uniform rate of heat transfer, also minimises thermal stresses
counter flow type is more effective because of the uniform temperature difference between hot and cold fluids throughout the pass compared to parallel flow configuration.
The purpose of a heat exchanger is that it transfers heat from a liquid to another fluid on the opposite side of a barrier. There are two kinds of heat exchangers parallel-flow and counter-flow.
The parallel counter incorporates carry lookahead circuits so that all flip-flops in the counter change in sync with the clock pulse. The ripple counter each flip-flop output is the clock for the next flip-flop, causing the most significant bit of the counter to settle only after a long delay time from the input clock pulse.
They use transistor as the purpose to transfer the voltage
binary divide by 32768 between the crystal oscillator and the seconds digitdecimal counter (0 to 9) for the seconds digitsix counter (0 to 5) for the tens of seconds digitdecimal counter (0 to 9) for the minutes digitsix counter (0 to 5) for the tens of minutes digitduodecimal counter (1 to 12) for the hours digitsbinary counter for the AM/PM indicator
A synchronous counter is not referred to as a ripple counter. They are two different things. The ripple counter uses the output of each stage to trigger the input of the next stage, resulting in propagation delay between stages. The synchronous counter, on the other hand clocks all stages on the same clock edge, making them all change at relatively the same time.
Counter-current flow is more efficient then parallel flow. Shahzad, MUET Chemical Engineer
The purpose of a heat exchanger is that it transfers heat from a liquid to another fluid on the opposite side of a barrier. There are two kinds of heat exchangers parallel-flow and counter-flow.
Mahdi Bin Abdul Wahab has written: 'Modelling and measurements on a condensing counter-flow heat exchanger'
The parallel counter incorporates carry lookahead circuits so that all flip-flops in the counter change in sync with the clock pulse. The ripple counter each flip-flop output is the clock for the next flip-flop, causing the most significant bit of the counter to settle only after a long delay time from the input clock pulse.
NTU is nothing but Number of Transfer Units. It is one of the method used to find the heat transfer of hot and cold body it is applicable to both parallel and counter flow.============The NTU Method is used to calculate the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers when there is insufficient information to calculate the Log-Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD). If fluid inlet and outlet temperatures are specified or can be determined by simple energy balance, the LMTD method should be used; but when these temperatures are not available The NTU or The Effectiveness method is used. It is based off of the maximum possible heat exchange in an infinitely long heat exchanger. From this, different heat exchangers can be compared and estimates of actual heat exchange calculated based on the NTU effectiveness.
heat sink classified according to the shape, the shape is how to dissipate within the selected heat sink that is the main intension here,, k type l type rectangular triangular chassis i know this much u can down load the pdfs for the types how to select the required heat sink 9844354439
a counter is a counter which counts the data and the decade counter is the counts the decade ones
PLC differences between timer and counter
If counter imotion bring then incomin impulses can slow
Answer is within heat transfer equationconduction = (k.A.dT/x)dtConvection = (h.A.dT)dtRadiation = s.e.AdT4.dtIncrease of conductivity (k) or heat transfer coefficient (h) or area (A) or temperature difference (dT) or contact time (t) or emissivity (e) allow for higher amount of energy to transfer.Reduce of transfer distance (x) increase rate of energy transfer.Increase flow rate to boost convection heat transfer (fluid)Increase surface area of contact (solid - fluid)Design heat exchanger in counter current flow (fluid)Prolong retention time (higher contact time -> more heat can transfer)Change of heat transfer medium (better thermal conductor medium)Use of heat pump (promote higher temperature difference yield better heat transfer)Coat surface with black colour (higher emissivity promote radiation heat transfer)
The difference between a timer and a counter is that a timer can be set to record different time intervals. As were a counter only records an overall length of time.
A counter counts up, a timer couts down.