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Technically it didn't - it was Congress' response to the Vietnam War, in an attempt to limit the President's ability to conduct military operations on foreign soil without Congressional permission.

The problem with the Act is that Presidents feel that it's unconstitutional to begin with. Though only Congress has the Constitutional authority to declare war, the President, as Commander in Chief, has the Constitutional responsibility to protect and defend the United States. In most cases, especially in regional conflicts and during the Cold War, a declaration of war isn't necessary. It's important to understand that at the time the Constitution was written, it was typical to declare war, as conflicts were usually nation against nation. The last time a declaration of war happened was the day after Pearl Harbor.

Over the years, every President since the Act was passed has essentially ignored it, and Congress to date hasn't had the stomach to test it in the Supreme Court. The Act is essentially moot anyway; though the President has the Constitutional authority and responsibility to protect the country militarily, it's Congress that controls the funding for any conflict large or small. That's why it's laughable when Congress blames the President for unpopular conflicts, since they're the ones that approve the funding and service branch budgets, as well as oversee military operations from an oversight standpoint.

The Act has had the effect of fostering better communication between the President and Congress when entering into large conflicts such as Desert Storm or Iraq/Afghan conflicts. Even though each of those conflicts are multinational in nature, the United States, usually fielding the largest force, typically spends more, and it's easier to play both sides of the coin. The President not only lets Congress know what's coming militarily, he also gets Congress to sign off on it so they're in the same boat no matter which way it goes.

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The War Powers Act

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War powers act

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Q: What laws passed in 1973 represent an attempt by congress to limit the presidents power as commander in chief?
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Which laws passed passed in 1973 represents an attempt by Congress to limit the presidents power as commander-in-chief?

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