Electrons are these particles.
Because the structure of their nuclei is unstable: too many or too few neutrons, excess energy causing metastable state, etc. To get more stable they decay, emitting alpha, beta, and/or gamma radiation.
Well, you generally need some atoms, which will have some electrons obviously. The movement of the electrons generally relates to a change in oxidation state, and hence the chemical process of oxidation (and reduction) has occurred.
No. Oxidation is a redox reaction that characterizes a loss of electrons whereas Oxygenation is the addition of oxygen molecules.
Reduction is a process that occurs in a chemical reaction that goes hand-in-hand with a process called oxidation. Elements begin the reaction with a certain oxidation state, however sometimes after they react to form a new product they assume a different oxidation state. The only way to do this is through a transfer of electrons. In a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction, the element that gains electrons is called the oxidizing agent, and the element losing electrons is called the reducing agent. The oxidizing agent oxidizes the reducing agent, and the reducing agent reduces the oxidizing agent. Breakdown: Losing electrons is oxidation. Gaining electrons is reduction.
The transfer of electrons (source of energy) go from one reaction in which loosing electrons (oxidation) is favoured to one where the gaining of electrons (reduction) is favoured, that's why such reactions are coupled.
Because the structure of their nuclei is unstable: too many or too few neutrons, excess energy causing metastable state, etc. To get more stable they decay, emitting alpha, beta, and/or gamma radiation.
Yes. This process is called radioactive decay. The primary particles emitted are alpha particles, which are helium-4 nuclei, and beta particles, which are electrons.
Well, you generally need some atoms, which will have some electrons obviously. The movement of the electrons generally relates to a change in oxidation state, and hence the chemical process of oxidation (and reduction) has occurred.
Why photosynthesis is called oxidation reduction process?
No. Oxidation is a redox reaction that characterizes a loss of electrons whereas Oxygenation is the addition of oxygen molecules.
Reduction is a process that occurs in a chemical reaction that goes hand-in-hand with a process called oxidation. Elements begin the reaction with a certain oxidation state, however sometimes after they react to form a new product they assume a different oxidation state. The only way to do this is through a transfer of electrons. In a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction, the element that gains electrons is called the oxidizing agent, and the element losing electrons is called the reducing agent. The oxidizing agent oxidizes the reducing agent, and the reducing agent reduces the oxidizing agent. Breakdown: Losing electrons is oxidation. Gaining electrons is reduction.
Oxidation and Reduction reactions occur when electrons are transferred. The molecule that is oxidized loses an electron and the molecule that is reduced gains the electron that was lost by the oxidized molecule. Therefore, oxidation and reduction have to occur together.
carbon dioxide New: electrons
The transfer of electrons (source of energy) go from one reaction in which loosing electrons (oxidation) is favoured to one where the gaining of electrons (reduction) is favoured, that's why such reactions are coupled.
You already gave the answer yourself. You see, ions don't change the number of protons and neutrons of an atom. It only changes the number of electrons. Ca originally has 20 electrons, protons, and neutrons. If it becomes ionic; two of the electrons disappear, but the amount of protons and neutrons are still the same. Now since the two electrons disappear, you place a "2" behind the letters "Ca". And now because the amount of negativily charged particles (electrons) are less than positively charged particles (protons), the atom becomes positive! Hence the plus sign after the number "2"? So the answer to your questions is 20. The only time the amount of protons and neutrons can change in an atom, is by the process of nuclear fission or fusion.
No. Protons and electrons are both charged, but they have opposite charge. Protons and electrons both have mass, but electrons have 1/1800th the mass of a proton. Protons are comprised of three quarks, but electrons are not composite particles. Protons have a physical size, but electrons are point particles (as far as we have been able to determine). The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom are the same.
The term isotope is used to indicate the different varieties of a single element, based upon variations in the number of neutrons in the nucleus. Every atom can be described as an isotope if we specify the number of neutrons. And every atom can lose electrons (a process officially called ionization). There is no relation between the number of neutrons and the loss of electrons.