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Which painting by Jan Steen portrays a character with six fingers on one hand?
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∙ 15y ago
Ann Boleyn
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∙ 15y ago
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Is goldstien discovered proton?
Off course. He discovered the proton with the help of discharge tube with a perforated Cathode. Some positively charge particles were detected behind perforated cathode. these particles were of different mass and charge for different gases used in the tube (i.e. had different m/e). the lightest particles were formed when hydrogen gas was used. So the word proton was give so, because these particles for hydrogen were the lightest and came on first in order of mass. (Greek 'Protos'= First)
What is the first animal created by reproductive cloning?
PCH: SheepThe first animal cloned was a tadpole. More info below. 1885: Sea Urchin: Hans Adolf Edward Dreisch split a two celled urchin embryo to separate the cells. The two individual cells were allowed to grow and develop and he was left with two genetically identical individuals.1902: Salamander: Hans Spemann uses a baby's hair to take a two celled salamander embryo and literally pinches them apart. He was left with two genetically identical salamanders.1952: Frog: Robert Briggs and Thomas King took the nucleus from the frog the desired to clone and put it into the egg from another frog, which had previously had it's nucleus removed. The egg was allowed to duplicate and grow. Unfortunately, many frogs that did grow were deformed.1975: Rabbit: J. Derek Bromhall used nuclear transfer, like Briggs and King, to clone a rabbit. An advanced embryo, morula, developed after a few days. He considered his experiment a success even though an adult organism did not develop.1986: Sheep: The ever famous Dolly was not the first cloned sheep. The scientist Steen Willadsen cloned this sheep using a nucleus from an enucleated egg cell. A small shock fuses the two together. The resulting egg is implanted into a surrogate mother.1987: Cow: Neal First, Randal Prather, and Willard Eyestone used an electrical shock to morph together isolated nuclei and empty egg cells. The two resulting calves are named Fusion and Copy.1996: Sheep: Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell use cultured mammalian cells to create two cloned lambs. They are named Megan and Molly.1996: Sheep: Wilmut and Campbell use the process previously noted in 2 to create Dolly the sheep.1997: Monkey: Li Meng, John Ely, Richard Stouffer, and Don Wolf used the previous method of shocking embryonic nuclei and enucleated egg cells to make 29 cloned embryos. Of the 29 only two monkeys developed, Neti and Ditto.1997: Sheep: Angelika Schnieke, Keith Campbell, and Ian Wilmut use cultured sheep cells to attempt something that could help human hemophiliacs. These people lack a clotting factor and when they get mild scratches they could bleed to death. Hemophilia is very prominent in the royal families of Hawaii, Britain, Spain etc. due to the intermarriage in the families. Hemophiliacs typically die before coming of age. The factor for clotting, factor IX, is inserted into the sheep DNA and the nuclei are inserted into enucleated eggs. A sheep with the human factor IX is born, she's named Polly.1998: Mouse: Teruhiko Wakayama, and Ryuzo Yanagimachi use the process used to make Dolly to create the first cloned mouse pup named Cumulina.1999: Mouse: Wakayama and Yanagimachi plan to make a male clone. So far all successful adult clones have been made female. The isolate the male DNA and insert it into empty egg cells. Fertilization is simulated with a shock and after almost 300 attempts a male mouse is made, Fibro.Finally a cat named CC, a joke on the phrase 'Copy Cat', which was part of a larger project to clone a dog named Snuppy.
What is some information about cloning?
CloningCloning is the process of creating an identical copy of something. In biology, it collectively refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms. The term also encompasses situations, whereby organisms reproduce asexually.EtymologyThe term clone is derived from κλών, the Greek word for "twig", referring to the process, whereby a new plant can be created from a twig. In horticulture, the spelling clon was used until the twentieth century; the final e came into use to indicate the vowel is a "long o" instead of a "short o"[citation needed]. Since the term entered the popular lexicon in a more general context, the spelling clone has been used exclusively.Molecular cloningMain article: clone (genetics)Molecular cloning refers to the procedure of isolating a defined DNA sequence and obtaining multiple copies of it in vivo. Cloning is frequently employed to amplify DNA fragments containing genes, but it can be used to amplify any DNA sequence such as promoters, non-coding sequences and randomly fragmented DNA. It is utilised in a wide array of biological experiments and practical applications such as large scale protein production. Occasionally, the term cloning is misleadingly used to refer to the identification of the chromosomal location of a gene associated with a particular phenotype of interest, such as in positional cloning. In practice, localization of the gene to a chromosome or genomic region does not necessarily enable one to isolate or amplify the relevant genomic sequence.In essence, in order to amplify any DNA sequence in a living organism that sequence must be linked to an origin of replication, a sequence element capable of directing the propagation of itself and any linked sequence. In practice, however, a number of other features are desired and a variety of specialised cloning vectors exist that allow protein expression, tagging, single stranded RNA and DNA production and a host of other manipulations.Cloning of any DNA fragment essentially involves four steps: fragmentation, ligation, transfection, and screening/selection. Although these steps are invariable among cloning procedures a number of alternative routes can be selected, these are summarised as a 'cloning strategy'.Initially, the DNA of interest needs to be isolated to provide a relevant DNA segment of suitable size. Subsequently, a ligation procedure is employed whereby the amplified fragment is inserted into a vector. The vector (which is frequently circular) is linearised by means of restriction enzymes, and incubated with the fragment of interest under appropriate conditions with an enzyme called DNA ligase. Following ligation the vector with the insert of interest is transfected into cells. A number of alternative techniques are available, such as chemical sensitivation of cells, electroporation and biolistics. Finally, the transfected cells are cultured. As the aforementioned procedures are of particularly low efficiency, there is a need to identify the cells that have been successfully transfected with the vector construct containing the desired insertion sequence in the required orientation. Modern cloning vectors include selectable antibiotic resistance markers, which allow only cells in which the vector has been transfected, to grow. Additionally, the cloning vectors may contain colour selection markers which provide blue/white screening (α-factor complementation) on X-gal medium. Nevertheless, these selection steps do not absolutely guarantee that the DNA insert is present in the cells obtained. Further investigation of the resulting colonies is required to confirm that cloning was successful. This may be accomplished by means of PCR, restriction fragment analysis and/or DNA sequencing.Cellular cloningCloning cell-line colonies using cloning ringsEnlargeCloning cell-line colonies using cloning ringsCloning a cell means to derive a (clonal) population of cells from a single cell. In the case of unicellular organisms such as bacteria and yeast, this process is remarkably simple and essentially only requires the inoculation of the appropriate medium. However, in the case of cell cultures from higher organisms, cell cloning is an arduous task as these cells will not readily grow in standard media.A valuable tissue culture technique used to clone distinct lineages of cell lines involves the use of cloning rings (cylinders). According to this technique, a single-cell suspension of cells which have been exposed to a mutagenic agent or drug used to drive selection is plated at high dilution to create isolated colonies; each arising from a single and potentially clonally distinct cell. At an early growth stage when colonies consist of only a few of cells, sterile polystyrene rings (cloning rings), which have been dipped in grease are placed over an individual colony and a small amount of trypsin is added. Cloned cells are collected from inside the ring and transferred to a new vessel for further growth.OrganismInformation_icon.svg This article or section may require restructuring to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.Please discuss this issue on the talk page. This article has been tagged since February 2007 .Main article: Asexual reproductionOrganism cloning refers to the procedure of creating a new multicellular organism, genetically identical to another. In essence this form of cloning is an asexual method of reproduction, where fertilization or inter-gamete contact does not take place. Asexual reproduction is a naturally occurring phenomenon in many species, including most plants (see vegetative reproduction) and some insects.HorticulturalThe term clone is used in horticulture to mean all descendants of a single plant, produced by vegetative reproduction or apomixis. Many horticultural plant cultivars are clones, having been derived from a single individual, multiplied by some process other than sexual reproduction. As an example, some European cultivars of grapes represent clones that have been propagated for over two millennia. Other examples are potato and banana. Grafting can be regarded as cloning, since all the shoots and branches coming from the graft are genetically a clone of a single individual, although the root systems may be genetically genuine examples of cloning in the broader biological sense, as they create genetically identical organisms by biological means, but this particular kind of cloning has not come under ethical scrutiny and is generally treated as an entirely different kind of operation.Many trees, shrubs, vines, ferns and other herbaceous perennials form clonal colonies. Parts of a large clonal colony often become detached from the parent, termed fragmentation, to form separate individuals. Some plants also form seeds asexually, termed apomixis, e.g. dandelion.AnimalsClonal derivation exists in nature in some animal species and is referred to as parthenogenesis. An example is the "Little Fire Ant" (Wasmannia auropunctata), which is native to Central and South America but has spread throughout many tropical environments.Therapeutic cloningTherapeutic cloning refers to a procedure which allows the cloning of specific body parts and organs to be utilised for medical purposes. This has not yet been realized, but it is the subject of much active research. Currently, patients subjected to transplantation are administered immunosuppressive drugs to prevent recognition of the foreign transplant by their immune system and its subsequent rejection. The ability to clonally derive organs from the patients' own cells would abolish the need for immunosuppressive drugs and would allow the patients to live a life without the potentially serious side-effects of immunosuppressive drugs. More importantly, the ability to clonally derive organs would alleviate the current shortage of transplants and would possibly reduce waiting times for transplants to become available.Reproductive cloningReproductive cloning uses "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT) to create animals that are genetically identical. This process entails the transfer of a nucleus from a donor adult cell (somatic cell) to an egg which has no nucleus. If the egg begins to divide normally it is transferred into the uterus of the surrogate mother.Such clones are not strictly identical since the somatic cells may contain mutations in their nuclear DNA. Additionally, the mitochondria in the cytoplasm also contains DNA and during SCNT this DNA is wholly from the donor egg, thus the mitochondrial genome is not the same as that of the nucleus donor cell from which it was produced. This may have important implications for cross-species nuclear transfer in which nuclear-mitochondrial incompatibilities may lead to death.Species clonedThe modern cloning techniques involving nuclear transfer have been successfully performed on several species. Landmark experiments in chronological order:* Tadpole: (1952) Many scientists questioned whether cloning had actually occurred and unpublished experiments by other labs were not able to reproduce the reported results.* Carp: (1963) In China, embryologist Tong Dizhou cloned a fish. He published the findings in an obscure Chinese science journal which was never translated into English.[1]* Sheep: (1996) From early embryonic cells by Steen Willadsen. Megan and Morag cloned from differentiated embryonic cells in June 1995 and Dolly the sheep in 1997.* Rhesus Monkey: Tetra (female, January 2000) from embryo splitting* Cattle: Alpha and Beta (males, 2001) and (2005) Brazil[2]* Cat: CopyCat "CC" (female, late 2001), Little Nicky, 2004, was the first cat cloned for commercial reasons* Mule: Idaho Gem, a john mule born 2003-05-04, was the first horse-family clone.* Horse: Prometea, a Haflinger female born 2003-05-28, was the first horse clone.Above retrieved from Answers.comViper1
What is the birth name of Steen Langstrup?
Steen Langstrup's birth name is Steen Langstrup Pedersen.
What is the birth name of Annemarie Steen?
Annemarie Steen's birth name is Hanneke Annemarie Steen.
What is the birth name of Bodil Steen?
Bodil Steen's birth name is Steen, Bodil Jrri.
What is the birth name of Paprika Steen?
Paprika Steen's birth name is Paprika Kirstine Steen.
Did Jan Steen die?
Jan Steen died in 1679.
What is the background behind Jan Steen's painting of 1660 The World Turned Upside Down?
If you mean what he wanted us to learn from the painting, I think it is the dangers of alcohol. The mother of the family has drunk a bit too much, fallen asleep, and everything is out of control.
What is the birth name of Hendrik Steen Huck?
Hendrik Steen Huck's birth name is Hendrik Steen Huck.
When was Steen Secher born?
Steen Secher was born in 1959.
When was Steen Thychosen born?
Steen Thychosen was born in 1958.
When did Mary Steen die?
Mary Steen died in 1939.
When was Mary Steen born?
Mary Steen was born in 1856.
When did Aage Steen die?
Aage Steen died in 1982.
