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Albert Einstein developed both the Special and General Theories of Relativity. While the Special Theory of Relativity predicted that mass and energy were equivalent, it in no way helped create the atomic bomb.

It took the discovery of nuclear fission in uranium-235 by a joint German and Swedish team to suggest that there might be a practical means to release a very very tiny fraction of that "mass energy". Nuclear fission was not predicted by any theory (transuranic elements were what was expected)! Lise Meitner (see image above) a Jewish physicochemist working in Sweden was the member of the team that proved it was fission not the expected production of transuranics that happened in the experiment. As the Germans were part of this team it was correctly assumed that Nazy Germany was working on building an atomic bomb.

This fear is what prompted the British then later the US to work on building an atomic bomb too, as a defence against the Nazi atomic bomb.

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Q: Which scientist was responsible for the theory of relativity and whose theories helped create the atomic bomb?
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