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Australia as a nation was only formed when the colonies federated. When the Commonwealth of Australia was formed in 1901, it consisted of just the six original colonies of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania and Queensland. Each of these colonies, which became the states, joined at the same time.
The Federal Capital Territory (now Australian Capital Territory) and the Northern Territory were both formed on 1 January 1911, but these are territories, not states.
As for separating from the original New South Wales colony, the last colony to separate and become its own self-governing colony was Queensland, doing so on 6 June 1859.
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