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Jews who's ancestry includes those who were once part of the Jewish communities of Muslim Spain (where Jews were expelled from by then Catholic Spain in 1492 on Tish b'Av), North Africa and much of the Arab world are known as Sephardim. Their common language was/is Ladino--something like old Spanish written with Hebrew characters. The language and the music of Sephardim sounds a lot like Arabic.

Jews who are descendants of those living in Christian Europe (Germany, Hungary, Poland, Russia, etc.) are known as Ashkenazim. They spoke Yiddish, a mix of those languages, written in Hebrew characters. Yiddish can often be understood with an understanding of German.

Genetically, both of these Jewish groups are related although they may look a lot different and have different cultural backgrounds. DNA studies done on Cohens, both Ashkenazi and Sephardi, match. (Read about it online.)

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Q: Who are the Jews of Mediterranean origin?
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