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Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., established the "clear and present danger" doctrine in his opinion for Schenck v. US, (1919). The purpose was to explain and set a standard allowing the US government to restrict certain forms of free speech usually protected under the First Amendment in order to protect the government's interests.

Holmes opinion about exceptions to the Constitution, particularly during times of war, applied an opinion of an earlier court case, Ex Parte Milligan, (1866), to the First Amendment:

"it is within the power of Congress to determine in what states or district such great and imminent public danger exists as justifies the authorization of military tribunals for the trial of crimes and offences against the discipline or security of the army or against the public safety..."

Case Citation:

Schenck v. United States, 249 US 47 (1919)

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Q: Who established the Clear and Present Danger doctrine?
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What did the clear and present danger doctrine established in Schenk V US concerned to?

freedom of speech


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