Who holds the executive and law making power?

Answer 1

In the United States, a number of steps are required before "law" is created.

Here is a typical illustration. Clearly this is only an example meant to show the overall process that helps answer the question. And it's only for the United States. Particulars here are general as House committees and sub committees can vary depending on the impact of what is proposed to eventually become a law.

A. In this instance several members of the US House of Representatives come to the conclusion that money previously allocated to fund a NASA project for a planned for sending an unmanned vehicle to Mars needs to be increased. This idea perhaps was formulated by a trip of fellow congress representatives to NASA headquarters in Cape Canaveral, Florida. Members of Congress often tour Federal government facilities to become more familiar with the activities taking place and to speak to government officials involved with Federal projects. In this case the members of the House may consult with scientists that are not attached to NASA in order to get an unbiased view. Normally the Chief Executive, the US President is advised of the proposed bill becauseNASA reports to the President.

B. All funding issues in the form of what is called a "bill" must be generated under the US Constitution, by the House of Representatives.

C. A "bill" is created by presenting a document that provides the reasoning and the cost of increasing the funding of the NASA Mars project. Members of the House in favor of the bill endorse it and it is presented in the protocol designated for moving this bill through the House. This bill is then sent to various House committees that handle "financing" and also the committees involved with NASA issues. There are frequently a number of committees and sub committees that need to review this NASA proposal.

D. If the committees involved agree in total with the proposal, the bill is sent out of committee to the House floor be voted on in the House of Representatives.

E. Let's say the voting in the House is in favor of the bill. The bill then is sent to the Senate and referred to the proper committees there.

F. If all goes well the bill is placed for a vote in the Senate and the bill is passed.

G. The bill is sent to the Executive Office of the President. Here the President may discuss the matter with NASA officials and perhaps with committees that report directly to the President. Perhaps the President wants the opinion of his National Security Council. Perhaps this is because NASA projects may be involved with other matters of national security such as other national defense matters that are attached to the Mars mission and future missions that are deemed top secret.

H. The President becomes satisfied that the bill allocating $100 million more to NASA is fine. The President signs the bill into law. The funds the law requires are then added to NASA's budget.

This example is only a generalization of how a law comes into existence and the parts of the US government that are/ could be involed with passage of a money bill into law.