Primarily their own government, and the governments of the countries
in which they reside ... Jordan, Lebanon, Syria etc. ... are.
The Israelis and Palestinians are fighting over a small piece of land called the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.The Israelis and Palestinians are fighting about a wide variety of things. Please see the Related Question to read more about the conflict.
No. Neither of them are fighting "the Muslims" as a group. Most Palestinians are Muslims anyway. The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict is between two national groups: Israelis who are primarily Jewish against Palestinians who are primarily Muslim. However, neither Israeli nor Palestinian forces have declared that they are fighting Islam. There are numerous mosques in both countries where Muslim worshipers freely pray to God.
Hamas in the Gaza strip Hezbollah in Lebanon
They're not fighting over religion. Religion has nothing to do with it. They're basically fighting over land. The Jews literally came into Palestine and "threw out" the Palestinians because they needed a place to live. So now Palestinians are trying to fight back because they want their land back. The Jews had no right to take their land away from them.
The Palestinians.
Today, the Jews are not fighting with anybody. Actually, it's been quite a number of days. The general conflict is between the Israelis (who are majority Jewish) and the Palestinians (who are majority Muslim).
The majority of the Palestinians are Muslims. In Islam, there are only two cases where they should go into war: 1- When they are attacked by somebody (and this is the case with Palestinians) 2- When somebody prevents them from teaching their religion to people (and this was the case in the early days of Islam).
No. Brazil is not directly involved in any conflict with Israelis or Palestinians and actively recognizes both countries.
Nothing. The Palestinians were very much affected by the results of the Six Day War, but did not actually contribute to any of the fighting.
Jews argue for the same reason everyone else in the world argues - to prove their point on a subject two of them were talking about.
The Gaza Strip, the West Bank, and Israel-proper.
Most Palestinians are Sunni Muslims with a minority of Christians.