Hebrew society was based upon the covenant with God, as set forth in the Torah. The Torah establishes a separation of the various forms of power, so that all of them are not concentrated in one individual.
In the earliest era, the Hebrews consisted of family-groups (clans; tribes) led by patriarchs. Later, during the three centuries of the Judges, the Israelite nation had sages (led by Sanhedrin-courts) who were consulted in questions of Jewish law and conduct; while individual judges occasionally unified the people in war against some common enemy.
During the four centuries of the monarchy, the Israelites were led by three distinct people or groups: the king, the Sanhedrin and the Kohen Gadol. (See also Deuteronomy ch.17-18.)
The king conducted the nation and made decisions in most national matters but was not necessarily one of the leading sages. It is noteworthy that although the prophets had no temporal power, they were sent by God not only to exhort the people in general, but also to rebuke the king when needed.
The Sanhedrin (court of Sages) was the final authority on Torah-matters. One of its functions was to ensure that the Torah-traditions were handed down intact from generation to generation.
The Kohen Gadol conducted the observances in the Holy Temple, together with the assistance of the rest of the Kohanim and Levites (Numbers ch.8 and 18; Leviticus ch.21). Though the Kohen Gadol had no formal power outside the Temple, he did have great influence due to the prestige of his position. In times of need, he occasionally dealt directly with foreign monarchs (see Talmud, Yoma 47a and 69b).
When the monarchy ceased at the time of the First Destruction, the prophets pointed out that the reason was that there were some individuals, men with positions of power, who misused that power. As was the case concerning the avoidance of idolatry, not everyone heeded the prophets.
Specifically, the monarchy and its hangers-on, and the public functionaries, included a minority that took advantage of those who had no such power.
Halakha: Jewish religious law, including Biblical law (the 613 mitzvot) and Talmudic and rabbinic law as well as customs and traditions. Hebrew society (the society in ancient Israel) was based upon the covenant with God, as set forth in the Torah (Exodus ch.19, Deuteronomy 26:16-19). There was always a learned class among the Israelites, and virtually all men and boys (and a good percentage of women) could read and write. A portion of each day was spent praying; and a larger part of the day was spent studying Torah (by a good part of the populace). Religious questions (and torts) were brought to one of the many Rabbis or Jewish courts. (See also: Social classes among the Israelites.)
Having a large family was an ideal, as was welcoming guests into the home, giving charity, and otherforms of kindness. A portion of crops were given to the poor. The calendar year was replete with the Sabbaths and festivals; and blessings were said before and after eating and on many other occasions.
In brief, there was no such thing as a secular part of life, since the Torah's laws cover every form of activity, including business. (See: some examples of the Torah's laws)
The first king of the Hebrews was Saul. Then David, then Solomon.
Many groups ruled over the Hebrews: Egyptians Persians Babylonians Romans Assyrian Greeks Muslims Catholics Russians Nazis
They allowed the Hebrews to rebuild their Temple in Jerusalem and to have general religious freedom and autonomy within the Persian Empire.
No, the Bible does not trace the Hebrews back to a man named Solomon. The Hebrews are believed to have descended from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, while Solomon was a later king of Israel who ruled after the Hebrews had become a distinct people.
To go back to their homeland and rebuild the Holy Temple.
In the past 4000 years, they have been ruled by: Egyptians Babylonians Persians Assyrian-Greeks Romans The Catholic Church Islamic governments European Governments Today the majority of Jews are self-ruled in Israel, under a parliamentary republic with representational democracy. Most Jews living outside Israel live in democracies.
It's unknown, since the Torah does not give dates. But Hammurabi lived around the same time as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
It's unknown, since the Torah does not give dates. But Hammurabi lived around the same time as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
The Hebrews' military was an army composed of Hebrews.
Yes, there were Hebrews in the Book of Judges. The Book was also written by Hebrews.
Solomon was the 3rd king of Israel, after King Saul and King David. King Solomon built the First Temple (1 Kings ch.6) and ruled over the Israelites at the height of their glory.
David was one of the Kings of the Hebrews.