To go back to their homeland and rebuild the Holy Temple.
They allowed the Hebrews to rebuild their Temple in Jerusalem and to have general religious freedom and autonomy within the Persian Empire.
In its time, it didn't have a name, but today we call it Judaism.
Hebrews
No, but the Assyrians, Persians, and Babylonians all oppressed and/or conquered the Hebrews.(Note: there is a theory that the Phoenicians WEREthe ancient Hebrews).
Zoroastrianism was a monotheistic religion that originated in the Persian Empire and had followers in the Fertile Crescent.
The Hebrews had always been in the Fertile Crescent, which is a place with major trade routes, including part of the famous Silk Road. In addition, there is a sea coast for shipping. When the Hebrews settled in Israel (Canaan), they were in a place that bridged three continents (Asia, Africa, and the nearby Europe).
Many groups ruled over the Hebrews: Egyptians Persians Babylonians Romans Assyrian Greeks Muslims Catholics Russians Nazis
They lived in one region only: the Fertile Crescent, which streched from southern Babylonia to northern Egypt. Depending on the precise historical period, they lived in various parts of that one region.
The neighbors of the Phoenecians wer the Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans and Hebrews..
it is a king
The Persians, for a relatively brief time, had a vast kingdom which overlapped most of the areas in which Jews lived at the time. At first, they were cordial, as long as the Jews paid their taxes. Under Ahasuerus (Xšayārša; Xerxes), however, they were in peril when he granted wide power to the Jew-hating Haman. After the Jewish Queen Esther orchestrated Haman's destruction, the Jews rose to importance under the Persians, with the Jewish Mordecai serving as viceroy.
Cyrus, king of Persia, issued an edict inviting the Jews to return to their land from the Babylonian Captivity.