from the New Advent Encyclopedia (see link below)
The most important occurrence of Leo's pontificate and that of gravest consequence to the Church was the Reformation, which began in 1517. We cannot enter into a minute account of this movement, the remote cause of which lay in the religious, political, and social conditions of Germany. It is certain, however, that the seeds of discontent amid which Luther threw his firebrand had been germinating for centuries. The immediate cause was bound up with the odious greed for money displayed by the Roman Curia, and shows how far short all efforts at reform had hitherto fallen. Albert of Brandenburg, already Archbishop of Magdeburg, received in addition the Archbishopric of Mainz and the Bishopric of Hallerstadt, but in return was obliged to collect 10,000 ducats, which he was taxed over and above the usual confirmation fees. To indemnify hiim, and to make it possible to discharge these obligations Rome permitted him to have preached in his territory the plenary indulgence promised all those who contributed to the new St. Peter's; he was allowed to keep one half the returns, a transaction which brought dishonour on all concerned in it. Added to this, abuses occurred during the preaching of the Indulgence. The money contributions, a mere accessory, were frequently the chief object, and the "Indulgences for the Dead" became a vehicle of inadmissible teachings. That Leo X, in the most serious of all the crises which threatened the Church, should fail to prove the proper guide for her, is clear enough from what has been related above. He recognized neither the gravity of the situation nor the underlying causes of the revolt. Vigorous measures of reform might have proved an efficacious antidote, but the pope was deeply entangled in political affairs and allowed the imperial election to overshadow the revolt of Luther; moreover, he gave himself up unrestrainedly to his pleasures and failed to grasp fully the duties of his high office.
Martin Luther was the reformer who challenged the Catholic Church over Indulgences.
Catholics are any who profess to believe in the teachings of the Catholic Church. Teachings of the Catholic Church are outlined in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, which is kind of like the Catholic Church's Constitution.
Charles Grey was a liberal reformer, probably a broad church Anglican.
Protestants and Roman Catholics.
Martin Luther was angered by the corruption and what he saw as ludicrous beliefs of the catholic church. So he nailed his theses as a protest against it thus starting the Reformation.
Indulgences
He thought that the Catholics would be more loyal to the church than to Germany
Martin Luther was the reformer who challenged the Catholic Church over Indulgences.
St. Teresa of Ávila was a reformer in the Catholic Church. She was a nun in the Carmelite order.
Martin Luther
it is a subdivision of Christianity like catholics or roman catholics
I don't think so, Geoffrey Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales in England, and died in 1400 A.D., while still in England, a century and change before the protestant revolt in Germany.
The pope for Roman Catholics (Catholics who attend mass in the Latin rite), as well as for Catholics of the Byzantine Catholic Church, the Ethiopian Catholic Church, the Greek Catholic Church, the Maronite Catholic Church, the Assyrian Catholic Church, and many more, none of which celebrate the Roman rite, but all of which are in union with the Pope.
The Church said that they will be no prostitution with gay guys on the church
Martin Luther
The Dutch reformer who wrote scathing attacks on the behavior of church officials was Desiderius Erasmus. He was a philosopher and theologian who criticized the corruption and immorality within the Catholic Church during the Renaissance period.
The Assyrian Church of the East is not in full communion with the Holy See and the Catholic Church, so the Assyrian Church of the East is not Catholic at all to begin with. However, some parishes that were once under the Assyrian Church of the East have since come into communion with the Chaldean Catholic Church and some of these Chaldean Catholic parishes kept Assyrian in their name, but they are still Chaldean Catholics. Chaldean Catholics are of the Chaldean Rite, which is an Eastern Rite in the Catholic Church, so they, Chaldean Catholics, are also Eastern Catholics. The only Assyrian Catholics are those Catholics that are of the Assyrian ethnic group.