Czar Nicholas II
The Tsar (or czar) Nicholas II.
The February Revolution of 1917
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia was an autocrat until 1917 when he was forced to abdicate the throne during the Russian Revolution.
The Tsar (or Czar) has not had anything to do with Russia since 1917, when the final tsar, Nicholas II, was forced to abdicate his throne due to civil unrest in the country. Prior to this, however, the tsar had complete control over most aspects of the Russian state; he (or she, in some cases) was the monarch who ruled the state.
There were two Revolutions in Russia. In the March Revolution, anti-czarists forced teh czar to abdicate and set up a democratic government. In the November or Bolshevik Revolution, the Bolsheviks (communist party) overthrew that government and turned Russia communist.
Most people call it the Russian Revolution-- maybe there is a less obvious name for it. The February Revolution of 1917 is the one which forced the Czar to abdicate. It is also sometimes called the Patriotic Revolution. The October, or Bolshevik Revolution, is the one which overthrew the Provisional Government which replaced the Tsar upon his abdication.
Had he not been forced to abdicate, his only son Alexei would have become czar eventually. However, Alexei was a hemophilliac, meaning his blood had a hard time clotting. A single pinprick could cause him to bleed out. Had he died before his father and Nicholas had not had another son, the czar eldest daughter Olga would become the Czarina.
No, they didn't. The Czar was overthrown, actually forced to abdicate, by the workers, soldiers and peasants who revolted in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) in 1917. The February Revolution took Lenin, who was in Switzerland at the time, and the Bolsheviks completely by surprise. The Czar's ministers and military leaders realized the Czar no longer had any power to stop the demonstrations and strikes in Petrograd and convinced him to abdicate in March 1917.
The equivalent in history is when the Bolsheviks forced the Czar to abdicate his throne.
He ended the war in russia by signing the Treaty of Brest-Livokst. Spellcheck! This is exactly what Germany wanted. By sending Lenin into russia, the Bolsheviks finally forced czar Nicolas II to abdicate and him taking power instilling communism and creating the USSR. Then he pulled Russia out of WWI :)
It was largely an accident of history that Lenin was able to exploit widespread dissatisfaction with the Russian participation in WW I, by presenting Marxism as an alternative to war. Russia had really never known anything other than despotic regimes, and had no reason to trust the Kerensky regime that had been installed to replace the Czar after the first Russian Revolution in 1917 forced the Czar to abdicate his throne.