The experiments were being done by Ernest Marsden, and Hans Geiger, under the supervision of Ernest Rutherford.
Rutherford
thermobarometer
About a teaspoon.
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) procedure can be used
It depends on the experiment, of course, but a discharge tube contains ionized atoms, while an incandescent simply has glowing metal. The former is, for most experiments, a lot more interesting.
Rutherford came up with the basic structure of an atom using his gold foil experiment. He shot alpha particles(hydrogen nuclei) at a peice of gold foil and watched the results. He found from this experiment that the atom contains a dense, positively charged nucleus, negative particles in "electron clouds" and is made up of mostly empty space.
it contains conclusions not explained by the evidence given
Ernest Rutherford concluded that an atom contains a very small, dense center, called a nucleus, with a positive charge as a result of his gold foil experiment.
Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. Rutherford was the supervisor and explained the unexpected results, so his name is usually attached to the experiment as well, but it was Geiger and Marsden who actually did it.
In conducting a scientific experiment, a scientist should have a control group and an experiment/treatment group. The scientist proposes a null hypothesis (null because it is intended to be disproven). The scientist then treats the two groups identically except the treatment group receives the treatment and the control group does not. Because the two groups were treated identically except for the treatment, any subsequent differences in the groups is (tentatively) attributed to the treatment. Thus,the control group is the group NOT receiving the treatment. For example, the scientist could propose that "fish will not die if they stop receiving food" (as a null hypothesis). The scientist then places two fish tanks full of similar fish into the same room, so that temperature, air pressure and light are equal. Then the scientist feeds one tank the recommended amount of fish food, while not feeding the other tank at all. After one week of this treatment, the scientist observes the tank receiving food (the control group) contains live fish while the group receiving the treatment (starvation) only contains dead fish. The scientist would then disprove the null hypothesis and conclude (tentatively) that fish do need food to continue living.
The experimental setup
No, it could be one, but that does not necessarily classify it as controlled. A controlled experiment is an experiment that has only ONE independent variable, and other variables are kept the same.
coke
The archaeologist may conclude that the site was inhabited over a long period of time, possibly indicating a settled and stable community. The presence of different layers of artifacts may suggest changes in the society's technology, culture, or economy over time. Studying the artifacts can provide insights into the daily lives, activities, and beliefs of the people who lived at the site.
In conducting a scientific experiment, a scientist should have a control group and an experiment/treatment group. The scientist proposes a null hypothesis (null because it is intended to be disproven). The scientist then treats the two groups identically except the treatment group receives the treatment and the control group does not. Because the two groups were treated identically except for the treatment, any subsequent differences in the groups is (tentatively) attributed to the treatment. Thus,the control group is the group NOT receiving the treatment. For example, the scientist could propose that "fish will not die if they stop receiving food" (as a null hypothesis). The scientist then places two fish tanks full of similar fish into the same room, so that temperature, air pressure and light are equal. Then the scientist feeds one tank the recommended amount of fish food, while not feeding the other tank at all. After one week of this treatment, the scientist observes the tank receiving food (the control group) contains live fish while the group receiving the treatment (starvation) only contains dead fish. The scientist would then disprove the null hypothesis and conclude (tentatively) that fish do need food to continue living.
thermobarometer
because hcl contains cl2
it contains conclusions not explained by the evidence given