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Buffers are made out of what are called weak acids or weak bases. Mixtures of CH3COOH and CH3COONa can act as buffers because they don't break apart completely in solution like HCl and NaCl. As the CH3COOH and CH3COONa are in solution they keep the pH constant by either donating or accepting protons because they don't act like strong acids or bases.

HCl is known as a strong acid where the hydrogen disassociates completely from the chloride.

NaCl is not a buffer because it dissolves completely as welll

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Q: Why a mixture of ch3cooh and ch3coona can act as a buffer while a mixture of hcl and nacl can not?
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