In Europe there was a widespread tendency for Jews not to own land and become gentry. They were allowed to be merchants and to manipulate money as the ruling class considered such activities beneath upper class dignity.
Enter William Shakespeare and the introduction of a very unflattering characterization of Shylock, a cruel and usurious Jew in the classic, The Merchant of Venice.
General antisemitism as well as the Third Reich's racist Propaganda made much of this which definitely combined to cement the 'cheap Jew' racist mythology which is still widespread today.
They were called Jews.
Halakha
There are Jews all over the world. The one who live in Israel are Israeli Jews, like those in the U.S called American Jews.
Orthodox Jews are strictly observant. Hassidic Jews are even more strict.
Israel.
People who practice Judaism are called Jews.
They are called "Jews".
He enslaved them because they were a cheap source of labour.
They are called Jews.
(Practicing) Jews belong to a religion called judaism.
They called it "Schutzhaft" - "protective custody". They were "protecting" the Jews (or whoever they were arresting if not Jews) from the wrath of the German people.
They were called Jews.
Being against Jews is called anti-Semitism.
Jews religion is called Judaism.
Typically, they are called Diaspora Jews or Jews of the Diaspora.
It was called Judea
They are called Jews or Israelites.