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The core of the green revolution was the development and propagation of High
Yielding Varieties (HYV) of seeds, particularly rice and wheat, adaptable to local
ecologies. The new HYVs are designed to be high yielding in response to high levels
of inputs. These sturdy, short-stemmed plant types are capable of carrying the heavy
growth of grains.
HYV technology comes in a package of HYV seeds - water - fertilisers. All these
are needed together, in correct proportions and at various stages of growth and yields can be increased by 50 to 200 percent. You may note that HYV seeds are landsaving and labour-using innovations. They are also neutral to scale of operations and therefore usable by all farmers regardless of farm size.
Sensitivity to Water
Performance of HYV seeds would depend upon adequate control of weeds and
pests. However, water control is the most critical factor. Even in irrigated areas minor laterals are often insufficient and drainages are rarely built. Thus the exact water control required for HYVs can hardly be expected. As mentioned earlier, the HYVs were developed according to the prototypes in the temperate zone. The prototype had been developed within the favourable environmental conditions with irrigation systems that allowed precise water control. Both inadequacy and excessive water are harmful to the HYVs. Not only water should be available in desired quantity, its use has to be tailored to the needs of the plant at different stages of its growth.
Sensitivity to Fertiliser and Pesticides
The HYV seeds have the technical capacity of turning soil nutrients into larger
amounts of grains than leaf growth. Hence any increase over and above that is
possible with the existing natural nutrients of the soil can be brought about by application of chemical fertilisers. Higher the amount of such inorganic fertilisers, larger is the output of grains.
Use of fertilisers gives rise to the growth of weeds on a large scale. These seeds
being new to the soil and non-acclimatized to the region these are prone to local pests and diseases, which is not the case with indigenous traditional varieties. Hence there is a greater need for application of germicides and pesticides.
Short-duration Maturity
These seeds mature into plants in a shorter period of time and these are nonphotosensitive, i..e., their period of maturity is independent of the length of exposure to the sunlight. Moreover, these plants are dwarf in size, i.e., the plants are of much shorter stature as compared to the indigenous variety. But HYVs are laden with abundant grains. For these reasons it becomes necessary that harvesting is done over a short period.
Two consequences follow from the above.
a) Because of short-duration and photo-insensitivity there is a possibility of multiple
cropping in a year. In this respect, new technology is land-saving. Since each
crop requires lesser time to mature, land is available for more than one crop.
b) The quick maturing requires the protection of harvested crops. As a result,
drying and storage are also important.
The initial results of HYV in terms of production yields were dramatic in the ideal
conditions causing observers to call this development nothing short of revolution
though green variety. Since such prerequisites for introduction of HYVs was present
in only North West region of the country (consisting of Punjab, Haryana and Western UP) and the South Eastern regions, (consisting of coastal Andhra, Tanjore district in Tamil Nadu) these were introduced first in those regions. Since the results in terms of improved yields and profits were good, the existing regional inequalities between these regions and other regions increased further. Adoption of this technology helped in realisation of the immediate objectives such as: i) boosting production, ii) doing away with imports, and iii) feeding millions of people.
As we discussed in Unit 11 India has much variations in terms of climatic condition
across regions. These regions differ in terms of climate, soils, irrigation systems,
farming systems and historical developments. Keeping this in view the country is
divided into agro-climatic zones. Basically we have the following major types:
1) Alluvial Plains (North Western) consisting of Punjab, Haryana and Western UP.
2) South East Deltas (Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri deltas consisting of coastal
Andhra, Tanjore in Tamil Nadu).
3) Poor but potentially rich areas (Middle and lower Gangetic basin consisting of
Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Bengal, Assam and Orissa).
4) Peninsular India / semi aid areas: consisting of Maharashtra, parts of Gujarat,
Andhra pradesh and Karnataka)
5) Arid Areas (Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat)
In terms of economic development, these agro-climatic zones can be divided into
three groups: (a) advanced area, consisting of (1) and (2); (b) potentially rich but still
very poor zones consisting of (3); and (c) Peninsular India consisting of (4) and (5)
which face severe natural constraints.
All the ingredients for introducing HYVs were present in alluvial plains and South
Eastern deltas, viz., rich irrigation sources (tube wells in North West and canal
irrigation in South East); (ii) developed infrastructure (with roads and electrified
villages); (iii) resourceful and dynamic farming communities eager to welcome new
innovations with a view to get richer; and (iv) political stability and more responsive
government machinery. Government provided inputs such as seeds, fertilisers and
pesticides. In addition, institutional credit to facilitate easier purchase of these inputs
was also emphasised. This led to immediate spurt in growth, providing cushion to the government.
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What are examples of modern agricultural practices?
Modern agricultural practices include use of HYVS, fertilizers and new types of ploughing and irrigation methods. HYVS are High Yielding Variety of Seeds. They increase the crop yield.
What statement does not apply to high aggregate demand?
the concern is that unemployment may increase because fewer workers are needed.
What is the essence of the financial theory in investments?
Economically, the saving and yielding of consumption.Financially, putting money into something and expecting a gain at potential risk.
Why is trade an important source of economic progress?
so you can have varieties of things
What is transaction demand?
Transaction demand is the money needed by a person or company for their needs. It can tract the demands of an economy, with high demand as indicator for good economy.
What has the author S W Muranjan written?
S. W. Muranjan has written: 'Study of the high yielding varieties programme in a district in Maharashtra: paddy, 1966-67' -- subject(s): Irrigation farming, Rice, Varieties 'Study of the high yielding varieties programme in Maharashtra, 1967-68' -- subject(s): Durra, High Yielding Varieties Programme, Pearl millet, Varieties
What did the green revolution depend on?
high-yielding grain varieties
What is the full form of hyv?
High Yield Variety of seeds
What describes the introduction of high yielding crop varieties and development of intensive agricultural practices?
Green Revolution
What has the author Samart Chiasakul written?
Samart Chiasakul. has written: 'Employment effect of high yielding varieties' -- subject(s): Hybrid rice, Rice trade, Rice workers, Supply and demand
What is hyv seeds?
It is just a small answer . Have a look at it :- HYV stands for High Yielding Variety . These seeds produce more quantity of the crop grown and have less chances to decay. These seeds were introduced by the japanese.
What do you meant by green revolution mention same of its features?
1. Green Revolution is the term given to the introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds and the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation which provided the increase in production needed to make India self-sufficient in food grains, thus improving agriculture in India. It was brought to India by the initiative of Indian government. Genetically modified high-yielding wheat was first introduced to India in 1960 by Dr. Norman Borlaug It is also rightly credited to M. S. Swaminathan and his team who contributed towards the success of green revolution in India...2. Major components of green revolution are development of high-yielding varieties of cereal grains, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, modernization of management techniques, distribution of hybridized seeds, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides to farmers...
When did adoption of high yielding variety programme in india started?
1966
How production of grain can be increased?
It has been achieved by the following practices:Crops variety improvement – use of high yielding varieties which are disease resistant, respond well to the fertilizers and produce good quality high yield .Crop production improvement-- Use of improved farming practices ,technology and agriculture implementsUse of fertilizer.Improved irrigation system.
Who is father of harit kranti?
The father of the Green Revolution in India is M.S. Swaminathan, an eminent agricultural scientist who played a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity through the use of high-yielding varieties of crops, improved technology, and modern agricultural practices.
What revolution of the 1960's introduced miracle varieties of wheat and rice that significantly increased the productivity of these crops?
The Green Revolution of the 1960s introduced miracle varieties of wheat and rice that significantly increased the productivity of these crops. These high-yielding varieties were developed through scientific advancements in genetics and agricultural practices. Along with the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, the Green Revolution contributed to increased food production and helped alleviate hunger and poverty in many parts of the world.
Describe the various technological and institutional reforms that led to green and white revolutions in India?
The introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds after 1965 and the increased use of fertilizers and irrigation are known collectively as the Green Revolution, which provided the increase in production needed to make India self-sufficient in food grains, thus improving agriculture in India. Famine in India, once accepted as inevitable, has not returned since the introduction of Green Revolution crops. The program was started with the help of the United States-based Rockefeller Foundation and was based on high-yielding varieties of wheat, rice, and other grains that had been developed in Mexico and in the Philippines. Of the high-yielding seeds, wheat produced the best results. Production of coarse grains- the staple diet of the poor and pulses the main source of protein- lagged behind, resulting in reduced per capita availability. The total area under the high-yielding-varieties program was a negligible 1.9 million hectares in FY 1960. Since then growth has been spectacular, increasing to nearly 15.4 million hectares by FY 1970, 43.1 million hectares by FY 1980, and 63.9 million hectares by FY 1990. The rate of growth decreased significantly in the late 1980s. The major benefits of the Green Revolution were experienced mainly in northern and northwestern India between 1965 and the early 1980s; the program resulted in a substantial increase in the production of food grains, mainly wheat and rice. Food-grain yields continued to increase throughout the 1980s, but the dramatic changes in the years between 1965 and 1980 were not duplicated. By FY 1980, almost 75 percent of the total cropped area under wheat was sown with high-yielding varieties. For rice the comparable figure was 45 percent. In the 1980s, the area under high-yielding varieties continued to increase, but the rate of growth overall was slower. The eighth plan aimed at making high-yielding varieties available to the whole country and developing more productive strains of other crops. The Green Revolution created wide regional and interstate disparities. The plan was implemented only in areas with assured supplies of water and the means to control it, large inputs of fertilizers, and adequate farm credit. These inputs were easily available in at least parts of the states of Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh; thus, yields increased most in these states. In other states, such as Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, in areas where these inputs were not assured, the results were limited or negligible, leading to considerable variation in crop yields within these states. The Green Revolution also increased income disparities: higher income growth and reduced incidence of poverty were found in the states where yields increased the most and lower income growth and little change in the incidence of poverty in other states.
