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Pumps are needed to move water across distance, especially where gravity must be overcome. They also help to develop pressure so water can be discharged with force. Municipal sewage systems also use pumps, sometimes called 'lift stations', to help move sewage through force mains to the treatment plants. These are usually fairly large diesel, natural gas, or electric pumps that can move thousands of gallons of liquid an hour. A failure of these pumps can be ecologically damaging, as the sewage or stormwater can back up or overflow out of the mains and contaminate groundwater, flood basements, and do other kinds of easily-imagined damage. Many municipalities are now installing backup generating equipment at lift stations, so that an interruption of power at the station does not cause the pumping to stop. The latest scheme is to install a complete backup system, including pump and power generating system.

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Q: Why are pumps needed in municipal water systems?
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