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After the American War of Independence, surplus English naval officers were placed on half pay, and Lieutenant Arthur Phillip retired to his farm. When the Colonial War broke out in South America between Spain and Portugal, the Portuguese tried to expand their navy by recruiting English captains, and Philip took the opportunity. He ended up commanding the guard ship at Colonia opposite Buenos Aires which was largely staffed by convicts, and he ended up running the colony.

Philip was nominated for the botany Bay convict colony by his patron who used the Portuguese experience commanding a convict colony as a mark of Philip's unique readiness for the job - a CV which no one else could match. He got the job.

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Q: Why did Captain Arthur Phillip become captain of the first fleet?
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