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The Duke of Norfolk, a cousin to the Queen and wealthiest landowner in the country, had been proposed as a possible husband for Mary ever since her imprisonment in 1568. This suited Norfolk who had greater ambitions and felt Elizabeth persistently undervalued him. In pursuit of this, he agreed to support the Northern Rebellion, though quickly lost his nerve and tried to call it off. However, the rebellion was not under his control and went ahead anyway, with the Northern earls trying to foment rebellion among their Catholic subjects to prepare for a Catholic Spanish invasion by the Duke of Alba, governor of the Netherlands.

After the rebellion failed, the leaders were executed and a purge of Catholic sympathisers in the priesthood carried out. Norfolk was imprisoned in the Tower of London for nine months. Mary, when questioned, admitted to having dealings with Ridolfi, but denied any involvement with the plot. She was clearly implicated by the evidence, but Elizabeth refused to have her executed and vetoed a bill by Parliament that condemned Mary and removed her from the succession. She feared that by executing a divinely appointed monarch, she undermined her own position. Instead, she had the Duke of Norfolk executed for treason on June 2, 1572.


For more information see this wikipedia article: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridolfi_plot

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Q: Why did elizabeth the first have the Duke of Norfolk executed in 1572?
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