We didn't choose martyrdom. In the early days of Christians, Christians were persecuted because of their beliefs. Since they wouldn't give up their beliefs, they were killed. That is when martrying started. All over the world- not hardly in America, Christians are being killed because of their beliefs.
Anyone who was killed preaching or teaching gospel of Jesus was considered a martyr. Note that in todays world a Muslim is a martyr for killing, by giving up his own life. But as christian we do not believe that violece coexists with martyrdom. But to give up your life and submit it for the work of god whether you have died or are still alive, makes you a martyr
Clearly, the early Christians believed that it was a great privilege to be martyred.
Tertullian (Ad Scapulam) described how, around 185 CE, all the Christians of a town in Asia presented themselves to the Proconsul Arrius Antoninus and demanded the privilege of martyrdom. The proconsul told them that if they wished to die, they could hang themselves or throw themselves from the precipices. During the Great Persecution of the early 300s CE, many Christians, including the young, presented themselves to the authorities to affirm their faith, in the desire and expectation that they would be martyred. There is no doubt that those who did die for the sake of the faith were highly venerated in the Christian community.
In the Letter of Ignatius of Antioch to the Romans(circa 117 CE), Ignatius, being escorted to Rome to face the emperor and certain execution, writes ahead to the Christian community at Rome: "Let me be food for the wild beasts, through whom I can reach God. I am God's wheat and I am being ground by the teeth of wild beasts, that I may prove to be pure bread. . . then I will truly be a disciple of Jesus Christ, when the world will no longer see my body." Ignatius would have been disappointed not to be martyred, and sought an assurance from the Christians of Rome that they would not intercede on his behalf. Even if this epistle really was written by Ignatius, it still implies that Ignatius was not condemned by the emperor at all; for otherwise it would have been useless for him to forbid the Romans to intercede on his behalf. An appeal was possible from a lower tribunal, but not from the emperor's. In fact, we do not know for certain whether Ignatius ever lived.
A new genre of Christian literature arose in the second century, known as Martyr Acts. They were brief and purposive accounts of martyrs' heroism, suffering and death, read out in church meetings and on the anniversaries of martyrs' deaths. The events they described were most unlike the corresponding Roman court transcripts, but there seems to be a common structure, described here by Keith Hopkins (A World Full of Gods: The Strange Triumph of Christianity ):
Christians were martyred mainly for their christian faith.
In Christianity, there are some famous martyrs, some examples are: Jesus, John the Baptist, Saint Valentine, who was put to death by the Romans for secretly wedding Christians back when Christians were being condemned by the Roman Empire.
Assuming you are are referring to Christians who have been killed because they are Christian, these are known as Martyrs.
Literally hundreds of Christians in Jos, Nigeria are being killed for their faith, as recently as this past March, 2010.
Ursula was a martyr and early Christians considered all martyrs to be saints.
The Book of Martyrs, also known as Foxe's Book of Martyrs, was written by John Foxe, an English historian and martyrologist. It details the persecution of early Christians and Protestants during the 16th century in England.
Stephen was the first martyr. People saw these lives of these early christians and became christians.
A martyr is someone who dies for a cause, imprisonment does not make somebody a martyr.
Inquisition
By killing a lot of Christians. For example Ceasar Nero blamed the burning of Rome on Christians and killed many of them as martyrs.
St. Vitus was martyred for his faith and early Christians considered all martyrs to be saints.
The Martyrs Mirror was reprinted so that young Christians could read how others had given their life for Jesus Christ. They could also study about nonresistance, then they would know why they could not fight in a war.
Clement Cotton has written: 'The Christians concordance' -- subject(s): Bible, Concordances, Concordances, English, Early works to 1800, English Concordances 'A large concordance to the Bible of the last translation allowed by authoritie' -- subject(s): Bible, Concordances, English, English Concordances 'The mirrour of martyrs' -- subject(s): Martyrs 'The mirror of martyrs' -- subject(s): Persecution, Martyrs, Christian martyrs, Church history