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Mexican president Santa Anna was pressured by James Gadsden, who was the American ambassador in Mexico at the time. Gadsden threatened Santa Anna for another military invasion, this time to take more of Mexico's territory including the whole Baja California peninsula and all territories north of the 22° N parallel. After bitter negotiations, Santa Anna surrendered the Mesilla Valley, which conforms present-day southern New Mexico and Arizona. Although it was "sold" for US$10 million (US$258 billion in 2005 terms), in reality it was credited against Mexico's debt toward the United States.

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Q: Why did the Mexico sell the Gadsden purchase?
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