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The Romans did not move the capital from Rome to a Greek city.

In 286 the emperor Diocletian created a co-emperorship with himself in charge of the eastern part of the Roman Empire and Maximian in charge of the western part to strengthen control over the empire because he realised that at that time one man could not rule the empire on his own. He also established Nicomedia (in northwestern turkey) as the imperial capital of the eastern part and Milan (in northern Italy) as the imperial capital of the western part. Both cities were much closer to the frontiers of the empire which needed to be defended than Rome. Rome became the nominal capital of the empire.

In 330 Constantine the Great moved the capital of the eastern part of the empire from Nicomedia to the nearby Greek city Byzantium, which he redeveloped and renamed Constantinople. It is not clear why he did so. One reason was most probably personal Propaganda. Developing Byzantium into a new capital for the eastern part of the Roman Empire meant that this city was associated to him and symbolised the new dawn for the empire that his rule would usher in. Constantinople meant "The City of Constantine" and city was given titles such as the Roma Constantiniana" "The New, second Rome,' 'Eastern Rome,' and 'Alma Roma. The city was also in a location which was easy to defend and, like Nicomedia, it was of the route between Europe and Asia , but it was also at the crossroad between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

In 406 the imperial capital of the western part of the Roman Empire was moved from Milan to Ravenna (also in northern Italy). Ravenna was in a location which was easier to defend than Milan.

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Q: Why did the roman empire mover there capital from rome to greek city?
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