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South Australia is the driest state because it receives the smallest amount of rainfall per annum, and it has the fewest number of rivers.

Although always a dry state, it is interesting to note that European settlement made South Australia much drier. This largely came about because people ignored the advice regarding the Goyder Line. The Goyder Line was a theoretical line proposed by surveyor George Goyder in the 1860s. Goyder advised against farming and pastoral activities above this line, although at the time the land north boasted fine bushland. Because of the severe drought of the 1860s, Goyder was sent to survey the lands, and he drew a theoretical line marking the boundary between the countryside where rainfall was reliable and unreliable. His advice against farming north of this line was largely ignored and, as a result, increased desertification occurred, which had a longer lasting effect of increasing South Australia's overall dryness.

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