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Well for one Pearl Harbor was much closer than the mainland United States, not to mention most of the United States Pacific Fleet was anchored at Pearl Harbor. There thinking was probably that if they destroyed the United States Pacific Fleet then they could go virtually unopposed throughout the entire Pacific. Also they goal was to destroy the American aircraft carriers. If they had sent their battle fleet farther East to get closer to the US mainland, there would be a higher risk that they American carriers would locate them and destroy them before they could return to the safety of their homeland. The further their fleet had to travel, the more fuel, logistics and support ships wold be required---also increasing their risk of detection.

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14y ago
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Q: Why do you think the Japanese chose to attack Pearl Harbor instead of the mainland US?
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