There are several factors which have caused the large number of political parties in Indonesia.
Firstly, some parties are based on particular sections of society, and thus several parties have emerged that represent these sections of society.
Secondly, Indonesia is a relatively new democracy, and hence there was much excitement post-1998 about creating and joining political parties. There has also been less time for particular parties to consolidate and become more powerful.
Thirdly, political parties are the only way to get into parliament or to become President, so a number of powerful figures have created their own political parties to seek more political power.
And Lastly, but most importantly, Indonesia has a Proportional Representation (PR) electoral system, which presents lower barriers for parties to gain seats than Single Member District (SMD) electoral systems. If Indonesia used SMD then there would likely be a significant reduction in the number of parties.
There are several factors which have caused the large number of political parties in Indonesia. Firstly, some parties are based on particular sections of society, and thus several parties have emerged that represent these sections of society. Secondly, Indonesia is a relatively new democracy, and hence there was much excitement post-1998 about creating and joining political parties. There has also been less time for particular parties to consolidate and become more powerful. Thirdly, political parties are the only way to get into parliament or to become President, so a number of powerful figures have created their own political parties to seek more political power. And Lastly, but most importantly, Indonesia has a Proportional Representation (PR) electoral system, which presents lower barriers for parties to gain seats than Single Member District (SMD) electoral systems. If Indonesia used SMD then there would likely be a significant reduction in the number of parties.
No not a word. When it was written there were no political parties and Washington didn't believe in them so he didn't encourage them.
It is not who so much as what regulates the parties. Popularity determines a policital party. It is defined as a political organization determined to gain political power.
The constitution was created before political parties were, so neither
Yes. However, the United Socialist Party (Hugo Chavez's Party) is so powerful that effectively the other political parties are powerless to stop it.
because the leader Tobuscus III declared to have each party cleared by the parliament to be made into a political party.
no, but a lot of people believe he did. He really had to switch parties because in 1864 the political parties where switched so he had to.
no because your dead nan said so
It is so they won’t be influenced by political parties.
The political parties nominate a candidate and campaign for him. An independent has neverwon the presidency, so surely the parties greatly influence the elections. However, the majority of voters are not party members and the voters decide the election.
1st Political parties are normally much bigger with exception to the AARP. 2nd the main function of a political party is to win election so they can control the government, interest groups do not offer candidates themselves. Interest groups aim to influence the officials who are elected. 3rd interest groups are usually narrower in their focus than political parties. Finally, many interest groups are extremely ideological whereas the two parties are not.