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yes. the water in the cell evaporates through the cell wall, removing the structure that keeps the cell in a rigid, fixed shape.
yes This is due to the plant losing moisture, mostly water, as it is that which keeps leaves rigid the picked plant becomes limp. This happens to a certain extent with all plants - it is very noticeable in ones with thin leaves (as evaporation of moisture is quicker).
it will become frozen and it will not taste good
You could, but lettuce is limp and soggy when thawed.
She had polio when she was a child and it left her with a limp.
It would be safe to eat, but you probably wouldn't enjoy it. The lettuce would become mushy as it thaws.
The liquid surrounding the other pickles may become cloudy and contain pulp from the soft cucumber. Also, the soft cucumber would most likely not be crisp when pickled, but limp and soft.
it is to do with the water potential
put in water with some ice for a few minutes, and you can also do this with lettuce!
yes
This would depend on what is in the salad, if you are going to prepare it and then refrigerate it, and if you leave the dressing off until you serve it. If the salad has cucumbers, tomatoes, or other vegetables that contain a lot of natural moisture, it can cause your lettuce to become limp. If you make the salad(s) then refrigerate, it will remain crisp and brightly colored. If you combine your dressing with the salad too far in advance, it will cause the lettuce to become limp, as well. Ideally, if all of these guidelines are followed, you can make it about a day ahead of time. Also, if you are cutting your own lettuce up, and aren't eating the salad immediately, you should TEAR the leaves, and NOT use a knife. The reaction with the knife and lettuce is what causes the brown edges on the leaves.
If you put the lettuce in fresh water there are more salts in the leaf than in the water, so the water will move back into the cells and make them rigid again, because the cells will swell. So if your lettuce in limp, laying it in water will make it crisp again.