Want this question answered?
He2 is a molecule where the bonding is only due to van der waals interactions as the molecular orbital diagram shows that both the bonding and antibonding sigma orbitals are full.
The hypothetical He2 molecule would from from a formation of molecular orbitals from Helium's 1s orbitals. Whenever a molecular orbital is formed, there are two options, the constructive interference (bonding) MO, which has a lower energy than the atomic orbitals, and the destructive interference (antibonding) MO, which has a higher energy than the atomic orbitals. Since each He contributes two electrons to the molecule, there are enough electrons to fill both the bonding and antibonding MOs, giving an overall bond order of zero. This means the molecule does not hold together. Compare this to H2 where each atom only contributes one electron, filling only the bonding MO, giving a bond order of 1.
Metalloids are unlike the inner transtion metals and all other metals. They are giant molecules whose bonding could be described as covalent. However consider silicon - perhaps the most widey used metalloid- it has a structure like diamond with tetrahedral bonds- but it is a semiconductor- this is because in molecular orbital terms the antibonding orbitals are sufficiently close to the energy of the bonding orbitals (band gap -using the nomenclature of band theory) for thermal excitation into the antibonding orbitals to take place.This is an oversimplification.
A molecule with hydrogen bonded to O, N, or F (Apex)
No, carbon is unable to form four mutual covalent bonds with itself. While bonding of this type is seen with the transition metals, it is due to the hybridisation of the d orbitals, which are inaccessible to carbon electrons in the ground state. This being said, C2 molecules do exist. Carbon atoms hold four electrons in their valance (p) orbitals, and so eight are contributed to the bonding regime in C2. Six of these adopt bonding energy levels in the C2 molecule (forming three covalent bonds), while the other two are forced into the antibonding mode, effectively cancelling out the bonding effects of one of the other pairs, giving a diatomic molecule with bond strength consistent with a double covalent bond.
Electrons in a bonding orbital have lower energy levels than the average energy of a valence electrons in the isolated atoms between which the orbital is formed. Antibonding orbitals do not meet this criterion, so that anitbonding orbitals can be stable only in conjunction with bonding orbitals, whereas bonding orbitals can be formed without any accompanying antibonding orbitals.The molecular orbitals which is formed by the addition of atomic orbitals is called bonding molecular orbitals.The molecular orbitals which is formed by the subtraction of atomic orbitals is called antibonding molecular orbitals.
He2 is a molecule where the bonding is only due to van der waals interactions as the molecular orbital diagram shows that both the bonding and antibonding sigma orbitals are full.
The hypothetical He2 molecule would from from a formation of molecular orbitals from Helium's 1s orbitals. Whenever a molecular orbital is formed, there are two options, the constructive interference (bonding) MO, which has a lower energy than the atomic orbitals, and the destructive interference (antibonding) MO, which has a higher energy than the atomic orbitals. Since each He contributes two electrons to the molecule, there are enough electrons to fill both the bonding and antibonding MOs, giving an overall bond order of zero. This means the molecule does not hold together. Compare this to H2 where each atom only contributes one electron, filling only the bonding MO, giving a bond order of 1.
Molecular orbitals: dihelium has two electrons in the bonding orbital and two in the antibonding orbital. That why it does not exists.
there are two
Antibonding is a bonding in which the electrons are away from the nucleus and which is higher in energy.
Total 2 sigma and 3 pi bonds (one bonding, one non-bonding and one antibonding) for O3
The negativelly charged molecule would involve addition of electrons to anti-bonding orbitals so reducing bond order. The poitivelly charged molecule would involve the loss of electrons in bonding orbials again giving a reduction of bond order.
antibonding molecular orbital have higher energy than bonding molecular orbital because in the word 'antibonding' there are more letters than in the word 'bonding'.. and hence antibonding molecular orbital has higher energy..
SP3
Metalloids are unlike the inner transtion metals and all other metals. They are giant molecules whose bonding could be described as covalent. However consider silicon - perhaps the most widey used metalloid- it has a structure like diamond with tetrahedral bonds- but it is a semiconductor- this is because in molecular orbital terms the antibonding orbitals are sufficiently close to the energy of the bonding orbitals (band gap -using the nomenclature of band theory) for thermal excitation into the antibonding orbitals to take place.This is an oversimplification.
there are 5 bonding electrons. It depends on the number of valence electrons.