Why is Judaism founded in Israel and not in most other Middle east countries?

Answer 1

A religion can only be founded in one place. Judaism was not an expansionist religion seeking converts. It stayed in a very small enclave until it was brought to other regions through deportations and forced exoduses.

If you meant to ask "Why is Judaism found in Israel and not in most other Middle East countries?" see the Related Question below.

Answer 2

There used to be a minority of Jews in most Middle Eastern countries, but they were subjected to vastly unequal treatment by their Muslim leaders as a Dhimmi (more information on that below). Additionally, during World War II, Nazism became very popular in the Arab World as it discussed many prominent issues that Arabs had. It spoke of resistance to the French and British, a singular gifted race (which the Arabs interpreted as referring to them), and accused their failures on religious minorities. Pogroms against Jews broke out across the Arab World, most prominently in the Farhud in Baghdad, Iraq in 1941.

When the State of Israel was established, most Arab countries began to worsen conditions for their Jewish citizens, often jailing them for "conspiring with Zionists" regardless of their tenuous connections with the State of Israel. On account of this horrible treatment, they fled (850,000 people) from their countries of origin in 1948-1955 with 500,000 arriving in Israel and the remainder going to Western countries like France and the United States.

Turkish Jews immigrated to Israel in 1949 since Turkey had become a de facto Muslim State after the fall of the Ottoman Empire.

Dhimmi Treatment

The Dhimmi, or non-Muslim under Muslim occupation was required to pay a number of taxes that were connected with his Dhimmi status. The most famous was the jizya, which was a tax that Dhimmi had to pay for Muslims for the right to not be killed where they stood for not acknowledging Mohammed's Prophecy; it was a form of humiliation. Additional taxes included the kharaj, which was a tax on non-Muslim land-holdings in the Muslim World. The kharaj was so untenable that most Dhimmi were forced to live in the cities where the tax would not be applicable. The above answer is also incorrect as concerns justice. On paper, a Christian or Jew could testify against a Muslim, but in reality, such testimony was not acceptable and the attempt to defame a Muslim would receive retribution. Christians and Jews were not allowed to build new houses of worship, restore old houses of worship, proselytize in any way (this included religious debate or dialogue), or allow wine or pigs to be shown in public.