Because the earth relies on the light from the sun. Only half of the planet can be lit at any time - due to the fact that light travels in straight lines.
This is what causes the so-called "phases" of the moon: although fully half of the moon is lighted, we can only see part of the lighted part. A person on earth hardly ever sees all of the lighted side of the moon. When he does, he calls the sight a "full moon."
A full Moon.
the lighted half is facing towards the sun not the earth
Not exactly. The lighted side of the moon as seen from Earth is that part that is not shadowed by the Earth.
At any moment, 50% of the earth is lighted by the direct rays of the sun,and the other 50% of the earth is not.Over the course of a year, every point on earth is lighted by the direct raysof the sun for exactly 50% of the time, and not lighted by the direct rays ofthe sun for the other 50% of the time.There is no place on earth that is always lighted by the direct rays of the sun, andthere is no place on earth that is never lighted by the direct rays of the sun.Has the questioner ever noticed it getting dark outside his home ???
The moon is said to be waning when less and less of the side facing Earth is lighted. :D
One half of the moon, the side that faces the Sun, is always lighted. But we usually see only part of the lighted side (phases) as the Moon orbits the Earth. When the Moon is directly between the Earth and the Sun (a new moon) none of the lighted side, facing the Sun, is visible from Earth.
50%
Not from one point of illumination.
waning
new moon
new moon