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a chain reaction
They are used in nuclear reactor to control the rate of fission of uranium and plutonium. Because these elements have different capture cross sections for neutrons of varying energies, the compositions of the control rods must be designed for the neutron spectrum of the reactor it is supposed to control.
The ultimate would be to cause melting of the fuel. It must be shown (theoretically) that this would be contained in the bottom of the reactor vessel. The fission chain reaction would have stopped but there is after heat from radioactive decay and this must be absorbed by emergency cooling to avoid damage to the vessel. This is an extreme case and might be caused by a severe loss of cooling accident, but is very unlikely in most reactors.
A nuclear reactor cannot produce a nuclear explosion under any conditions. They can however produce steam explosions and hydrogen gas explosions.One test reactor in Idaho (BORAX-I) was actually deliberately destroyed to verify the safety of a runaway reactor:four of its five control rods were almost removedthe fifth control rod was ejected with a spring, making the reactor severely supercriticalthe resulting steam explosion blew the reactor completely apart (instantly returning it to a subcritical state, preventing any possibility of a nuclear explosion)severe contamination existed beyond a distance of half a mile (had the reactor been enclosed in a containment building most if not all of this would have been prevented)
Control rods are designed usually to be effectively 'black' which means they absorb all incident slow neutrons, by having enough boron or other material in them to do this. The nuclear physics effect that this has on the reactor will then depend on the geometry of the arrangement, ie how many rods are provided in what sort of array and in how many places in the reactor compared with the array of fuel assemblies. This is decided by the nuclear design of the reactor, there are now adequate physics design programs to calculate what is required for a particular reactor. For safety the control rod capacity must be enough to always be able to shutdown the reactor and hold it down with an adequate margin, whatever the reactor state, which varies with refuelling and burnup when neutron absorbing fission products are taken into account. So it is quite a complicated calculation but one that can be done with certainty.
one must check for if the walls are cracking and the ground is seperating, then he must go under a furniture or any other thing which may safeguard him....
after the reactor shuts down
Yes, but it would usually be too expensive as tritium must be made in a reactor from lithium.
a chain reaction
Disclosed is a method for preventing hydrogen-induced disbanding of austenitic stainless steel cladding, which is made on a low alloy steel, in a reactor vessel which has been used in a high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen atmosphere so the air must be excluded. The clad steel is cooled from its operating temperature to a temperature which is not lower than 100° C. Then, the clad steel is maintained at a temperature between said temperature which is not lower than 100° C. and a post weld heat treatment so as to effect hydrogen degassing treatment. Thereafter, the clad steel is further cooled.
fuel rods
they could be cracking because they are old or worn out. you must where them alot so that is one of the reasons they are worn out but it might be the shoes are defected how old are they??
It must enter our eyes.
They are used in nuclear reactor to control the rate of fission of uranium and plutonium. Because these elements have different capture cross sections for neutrons of varying energies, the compositions of the control rods must be designed for the neutron spectrum of the reactor it is supposed to control.
The fuel itself, which contains some very radioactive material, so it must be kept in a safe condition at all times, both during operation and after it is unloaded and stored
Intake valve must be open
I guess it's the strongest form of structure to form the end of the upright cylinder which is the basic reactor enclosure. The reactor must be enclosed with a structure which can contain the worst type of reactor failure which would release a lot of steam. It also protects the reactor and its equipment from the weather.