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The difference in alcohol volume between Wine and Spirits comes from the methods used to produce the two products.

Both start out as water and some form of sugar. In wine this is Grape Juice which is made up of water, glucose, fructose and numerous other compounds. For spirits it could be as simple as a wash ( water and cane sugar mixture ) or as complicated as a MASH ( malted, roasted and ground up grains ). This mixture is then inoculated with yeast and allowed to ferment. This is where the differences begin.

The winemaker is after a specific product and will stop the ferment when he has the wine he wants. The result, depending on the amount of sugar in the original juice, could be a low alcohol, sweet wine or a high alcohol, dry wine.

The Distiller on the other hand is after as much alcohol as he can get. This starts with using a strain of yeast that is more tolerant of high alcohol levels so he can get as much of the sugar converted as possible. After the wash is fermented out it is transferred to a Still to remove the alcohol from the water. The alcohol is collected, processed then watered down to a strength more suitable for drinking.

Because of the differences in production processes you get Wine coming in at 9-14% ABV and spirits starting at 40% ABV

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Q: Why spirits have higher alcohol content than wines?
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