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ventilation is not even throughout the lungs due to gravity.
Alveoli in the top of the lung are already more expanded than at the bottom. The pleural pressure is less (more negative) at the apex than the base. This is since the weight of the lung pulls it downward away from the chest wall.
At the beginning of inspiration, the alveoli are at different lung volumes and hence at different locations along the pressure-volume curve.
The alveoli at the base start off smaller and are located near the steep portion of the curve, since they start off smaller, they can expand more and as a result have greater compliance and receive more tidal volume.
In contrast, the already expanded alveoli at the apex cannot expand as much as they already start off close to their limit. Hence, they are closer to the top of the curve and receive less of the tidal volume.
So in upright individuals, the base of the lung receives more of the tidal volume and hence is more ventilated.
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