It did not - there was never a unified Greek nation until over 2,000 years later.
After the Persian invasions were repulsed, the Greek city-states went back to fighting each other with reneewed vigour. This culminated in the Peloponnesian War which, over 27 years, devastated the Greek world. Even after this disaster, the in-fighting persisted, and after a brief period of control by Alexander the great, it split up into various kingdoms which continued to fight each other, until they were brought within the Roman Empire which quietened them down by strict governance.
Throughout Alexander's rise to power and reign, the Greek Empire nearly quadrupled in size, the Greek Empire under his rule still remains the largest empire in living history. He ended the power of the city-states and established a unified nation.
No, it was a holding operation, and when its purpose was comleted, the Greek coalition force was withdrawn.
A dozen Greek city-states and the Persian expeditionary force.
It was fought to protect the Spartan and Greek homeland from the invading Persian Empire.
The Persians defeated the Greek, with each side losing a few thousand casualties.
There was a coalition of Greek forces numbering about 4000 at Thermopylae. The coalition was led by King Leonidas and 300 Spartans.
Phillip II, Alexander the Greats dad, unified the Greek states into one nation under Macedonian Hegemony.
Nation is a modern concept which started in the 18th Century CE, and that was when Greece emerged as a nation when it unified to throw of Turkish rule in 1832 CE. Whatever sense of unity existed two and a half thousand years earlier was cultural and religious. Thermopylae became a symbol of heroic self-sacrifice, not unity. The Greek world was comprised of a couple of thousand independent city-states spread around the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Some cities would come into temporary alliances for particular reasons, then join other alliances when it suited them. This continued until the Roman Empire absorbed them. The battle of Thermopylae involved a dozen southern Greek cities during the Persian invasion. There were as more Greek cities fighting on the Persian side. After the Persian invasion was repelled by the southern Greek cities, the Greek cities went back to their usual occupation of fighting amongst themselves, culminating in the disastrous Peloponnesian War which devastated the Greek world from Sicily to Asia Minor. After this, wars continued with changing combinations of city-state alliances until Macedonia under Philip and Alexander brought them under control and directed their fighting inclinations to their conquest of the Persian Empire. Alexander's successors formed their own kingdoms which directed the efforts of their cities against each other and against external foes. These Hellenistic kingdoms were absorbed into the Roman Empire, then the Byzantine Empire, then the Ottoman Empire until the war of independence 1812-1834 CE.
The Persians defeated the Greek forces..
King Leonidas of Sparta.
In 480 BCE.
No, they defeated the Greek fleet in the nearby strait of Artemesion and broke through the Greek blocking force at Thermopylae, capturing northern Greece and going on to take Athens.
Throughout Alexander's rise to power and reign, the Greek Empire nearly quadrupled in size, the Greek Empire under his rule still remains the largest empire in living history. He ended the power of the city-states and established a unified nation.
The Phoenicians were not anywhere near the Thermopylae Pass, so they could not betray the Greek force there.
Thermopylae , Greece
King Leonidas
No, it was a holding operation, and when its purpose was comleted, the Greek coalition force was withdrawn.