Because it was an "island of freedom" - it was a democratic city-state located 117 miles east of the inter-German border.
The part of the capital city of Berlin that was under control of the Americans, Brits and French after World War II.
To prevent the citizens of East Berlin, which was under Communist Russian rule, from escaping to West Berlin, which was under the rule of the British, French, and Americans.
Because their was a wall down the Middle, separating East Germany and Berlin from West Germany and West Berlin. The East side was supported by the Soviets while the West side was supported by Americans.
Joseph Stalin ordered all land routes into Berlin to be blocked after the Americans angered him by introducing the Deutschemark into West Berlin.
West Berlin became prosperous while East Berlin struggled with communist pigheadedness and incompetence. Nobody tried to escape from West Berlin to East Berlin.
Following the closure of land access to West Berlin in 1948 by Stalin the Americans, French and British organised the provision of supplies by aeroplane. This was known as "The Berlin Airlift".
The Berlin wall separated east and west Berlin
West Berlin was created in 1949.
It was in East Germany, land east of Elba river given to the Russians. Russia thought they could force the Americans, British and French out of West Berlin by imposing a blockade of land vehicles to West Berlin. The USA had a air lift of civilian cargo planes flying from West Germany to West Berlin, around the clock flying needed supplies, and the blockade was defeated. Also, West Berlin showed to East Germans how good life in the West was, so many East Germans fled to West Berlin, until the Russians put a wall around West Berlin in 1961. A wall which did not come down until 1989.
The Berlin Wall surrounded West Berlin. Therefore... Inside the Berlin Wall: West Berlin Outside the Berlin Wall: The two closest cities were Potsdam to the west, and East Berlin to the east.
Stalin was determined to capture West Berlin and gain concessions from the West
The Berlin Airlift was the US program to remain influential in West Berlin, Germany in response to the Soviet embargo - blocking incoming goods from West Germany to West Berlin. The airlift provided necessary goods and supplies to the residents of the city for two years, until the Soviets rescinded the trade barrier. People involved could be directly the Germans of West Berlin, the Soviets, and the Americans (specifically Harry Truman, the President at the time who gave support to the airlift).